Python Pocket Reference, Second Edition

Built-in Types and Operators

Operators and Precedence

Table 1-1 lists Python’s expression operators. Operators in the lower cells of this table have higher precedence (i.e., bind tighter) when used in mixed-operator expressions without parentheses.

Table 1-1. Expression operators and precedence

Operators	Description
lambda args: expr	Anonymous function maker
X or Y	Logical OR: Y is evaluated only if X is false
X and Y	Logical AND: Y is evaluated only if X is true
not X	Logical negation
X < Y, X <= Y, X > Y, X >= Y, X == Y, X <> Y, X != Y, X is Y, X is not Y, X in S, X not in S	Comparison operators,[a] equality operators, inequality operators, object identity tests, sequence membership
X | Y	Bitwise OR
X ^ Y	Bitwise exclusive OR
X & Y	Bitwise AND
X << Y, X >> Y	Shift X left, right by Y bits
X + Y, X—Y	Addition/concatenation, subtraction
X * Y, X % Y, X / Y, X // Y	Multiply/repetition, remainder/format, division, floor division[b]
-X, +X, ~X, X**Y	Unary negation, identity, bitwise complement, power
X[i], X[i:j], X.attr, X(...)	Indexing, slicing, attribute references, function calls
(...), [...], {...}, `...`	Tuple, list,[c] dictionary, conversion to string[d]
[a] Comparison operators may be chained: x < y < z is similar to x < y and y < z, except that y is evaluated only once in the first format. [b] Floor division (X // Y), new in 2.2, always truncates fractional remainders. Classic division (X / Y) truncates integer division results in 2.2 but will ...