Python Pocket Reference, 4th Edition

Built-in Types and Operators

Operators and Precedence

Table 1-1 lists Python’s expression operators. Operators in the lower cells of this table have higher precedence (i.e., bind tighter) when used in mixed-operator expressions without parentheses.

Table 1-1. Python 3.0 expression operators and precedence

Operator	Description
yield X	Generator function send() protocol
lambda args: expr	Anonymous function maker
X if Y else Z	Ternary selection (X is evaluated only if Y is true)
X or Y	Logical OR: Y is evaluated only if X is false
X and Y	Logical AND: Y is evaluated only if X is true
not X	Logical negation
X in Y, X not in Y	Membership: iterables, sets
X is Y, X is not Y	Object identity tests
X < Y, X <= Y, X > Y, X >= Y	Magnitude comparisons, set subset and superset
X == Y, X != Y	Equality operators
X | Y	Bitwise OR, set union
X ^ Y	Bitwise exclusive OR, set symmetric difference
X & Y	Bitwise AND, set intersection
X << Y, X >> Y	Shift X left, right by Y bits
X + Y, X – Y	Addition/concatenation, subtraction/set difference
X * Y, X % Y, X / Y, X // Y	Multiplication/repetition, remainder/format, division, floor division
-X, +X	Unary negation, identity
˜X	Bitwise NOT complement (inversion)
X ** Y	Power (exponentiation)
X[i]	Indexing (sequence, mapping, others)
X[i:j:k]	Slicing (all bounds optional)
X(...)	Call (function, method, class, other callable)
X.attr	Attribute reference
(...)	Tuple, expression, generator expression
[...]	List, list comprehension
{...}	Dictionary, set, dictionary and set comprehension

Operator Usage Notes

• In ...