Quantum Physics for Scientists and Technologists: Fundamental Principles and Applications for Biologists, Chemists, Computer Scientists, and Nanotechnologists

Fundamental Physical Constantsa^a

Quantity	Symbol	Value(s)
Atomic mass unit or Dalton	amu, u, Da	1.660538782 × 10−27 kg 931.494028 × 106 eV/c2
Avogadro number	L, NA	6.02214179 × 1023 mol−1
Boltzmann constant	k	1.3806504 × 10−23 J K−1
Elementary charge	e	1.602176487 × 10−19 C
Gravitational constant	G	6.67428 × 10−11 m3 kg−1 s−2
Mass of electron	me	9.10938215 × 10−31 kg 8.18710438 × 10−14 J/c2 0.510998910 MeV/c2 5.4857990943 × 10−4 u
Mass of proton	mp	1.672621637 × 10−27 kg 1.503277359 × 10−10 J/c2 938.272013 MeV 1.00727646677 u
Molar gas constant	R	8.314472 J K−1 mol−1 0.08205746 L atm K−1 mol−1 K for kelvin
Permeability of vacuum Magnetic constant	μ0	4π × 10−7 N A−2 N for newton and A for ampere.
Permittivity of vacuum Electric constant	ε0	8.854187817 × 10−12 F m−1
Planck constant	h	6.62606896 × 10−34 J s 4.13566733 × 10−15 ev s 6.62606896 × 10−27 erg s
Speed of light in vacuum	c	2.99792458 × 108 m/s
Stefan-Boltzmann constant	σ	5.670400 × 10−8 W m−2 K−4 W for watt

^a Courtesy of the National Institute of Standards and Constants (NIST).