book

Radio Science Techniques for Deep Space Exploration

Name: Radio Science Techniques for Deep Space Exploration
Author: Sami W. Asmar
ISBN: 9781119734147

by Sami W. Asmar

March 2022

Intermediate to advanced

352 pages

12h 30m

English

Wiley

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Cover
Serious page
Title page
Copyright
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Author and Contributors
1 Investigations and Techniques
1.0 Introduction1.1 Historical Background1.1.1 The Field of Radio Science1.2 Fundamental Concepts1.2.1 Categories of RS Investigations1.2.2 Related Fields1.3 Historical Development1.4 Overview of the Radio Science Instrumentation System1.4.1 Flight System1.4.2 Ground System1.4.3 Other Ground Stations1.5 Noise, Error Sources, and Calibrations1.6 Experiment Implementation, Data Archiving, and Critical Mission Support1.7 Radio Science at Home1.8 Future Directions1.9 Summary and Remaining ChaptersAppendix 1A Selected Accomplishments and Planned Observations in Spacecraft Radio Science1A.1 Selected Accomplishments in Radio Science1A.2 Planned Observations in the Near-Term1A.3 Planned Observations in the Long Term
2 Planetary Atmospheres, Rings, and Surfaces
2.1 Overview of Radio Occultations2.2 Neutral Atmospheres2.2.1 Abel Inversion2.3 Ionospheres2.4 Rings2.4.1 Ring Occultation Observables2.4.2 Ring Occultation Analysis2.4.3 Ring Diffraction Correction2.4.4 Data Decimation and Profile Resolution2.4.5 Signal-to-noise Ratio-resolution Tradeoff2.5 Surface Scattering

3 Gravity Science and Planetary Interiors
3.1 Overview3.2 Gravity Observables and Formulations3.2.1 Alternative Basis and Methods3.2.2 Tidal Forces and Time Variable Gravity3.2.3 Covariance Analysis3.3 Earth and Moon Gravity Measurements and the Development of Crosslinks3.4 Shape and Topography Data for Interpretation of Gravity Measurements3.4.1 Imagery3.4.2 Altimetry3.4.3 Space-based Radar3.4.4 Radio Occultations3.4.5 Ground-based Radar3.4.6 Examples of Results of Gravity–Topography Analysis3.5 Application to Solar System Bodies3.5.1 Moon3.5.2 Mercury3.5.3 Venus3.5.4 Mars3.5.5 Jupiter3.5.6 Saturn3.5.7 Uranus3.5.8 Neptune3.5.9 Pluto3.5.10 Asteroids and Comets3.5.11 Pioneer and Earth Flyby Anomalies3.6 A User’s Guide3.6.1 Calculation of Observables and Partials3.6.2 Estimation Filter3.6.3 Solution AnalysisAppendix 3A Planetary Geodesy3A.1 Planetary Geodesy: Gravitational Potentials and Fields3A.2 Gravity Determination Technique3A.3 Dynamical Integration3A.4 Processing of Observations3A.5 Filtering of Observations
4 Solar and Fundamental Physics
4.1 Principles of Heliospheric Observations4.2 Inner Heliospheric Electron Density4.3 Density Power Spectrum4.4 Intermittency, Nonstationarity, and Events4.5 Faraday Rotation4.6 Spaced-receiver Measurements4.7 Space-time Localization of Plasma Irregularities4.8 Utility for Telecommunications Engineering4.9 Precision Tests of Relativistic Gravity4.10 Scientific Goals and Objectives4.10.1 Determine γ to an Accuracy of 2 ×10−64.10.2 Determine β to an Accuracy of ~3 ×10−54.10.3 Determine η to an Accuracy of at Least 4.4 ×10−44.10.4 Determine α1 to an Accuracy of 7.8 ×10−64.10.5 Determine the Solar Oblateness to an Accuracy of 4.8 ×10−94.10.6 Test Any Time Variation of the Gravitational Constant, G, to an Accuracy of 3 10×−13 Per Year4.10.7 Characterize the Solar Corona4.11 Comparison with Other Experiments4.11.1 Cassini4.11.2 Gravity Probe B4.11.3 Messenger4.11.4 Lunar Laser Ranging4.11.5 Gaia4.12 MORE Summary4.13 Anomalous Motion of Pioneers 10 and 11Appendix 4A Solar Corona Observation Methodology Illustrated by Mars Express4A.1 Formulation4A.2 Total Electron Content from Ranging Data4A.3 Change in Total Electron Content from Doppler Data4A.4 Electron Density4A.5 Coronal Mass Ejections4A.6 Separation of Uplink and Downlink Effects from Plasma4A.7 Earth Atmospheric Correction4A.8 Example DataAppendix 4B Faraday Rotation Methodology Illustrated by Magellan Observations4B.1 Formulation4B.2 Coronal Radio Sounding4B.3 The Faraday Rotation Effect4B.4 Measurement of the Total Electron Content4B.5 Combining the Faraday Rotation and Total Electron Content4B.6 Instrument Overview: The Magellan Spacecraft4B.7 Instrument Overview: The Deep Space Network4B.8 Data Processing and Results4B.9 ConclusionAppendix 4C Precision Doppler Tracking of Deep Space Probes and the Search for Low-frequency Gravitational Radiation4C.1 Background4C.2 Response of Spacecraft Doppler Tracking to Gravitational Waves4C.3 Noise in Doppler GW Observations and Their Transfer Functions4C.4 Detector Performance4C.4.1 Periodic and Quasi-periodic Waves4C.4.2 Burst Waves4C.4.3 Stochastic Waves4C.5 Sensitivity Improvements in Future Doppler GW Observations
5 Technologies, Instrumentation, and Operations
5.1 Overview5.1.1 End-to-End Instrumentation Overview5.1.2 Experiment Error Budgets5.2 Key Concepts and Terminology5.2.1 The Allan Deviation for Frequency and Timing Standards5.2.2 Signal Operational Modes5.2.3 Reception Modes5.2.4 Signal Carrier Modulation Modes5.3 Radio Science Technologies5.3.1 Spacecraft Ultrastable Oscillator5.3.2 Spacecraft Ka-band Translator5.3.3 Spacecraft Open-loop Receiver5.3.4 Spacecraft Radio Science Beacon5.3.5 Ground Water Vapor Radiometer5.3.6 Ground Advanced Ranging Instrument5.3.7 Ground Bethe Hole Coupler5.3.8 Ground Advanced Pointing Techniques5.4 Operations and Experiment Planning5.5 Data Products5.5.1 Range Rate5.5.2 Range5.5.3 Delta Differential One-way Ranging (Delta-DOR)5.5.4 Differenced Range Versus Integrated Doppler5.5.5 Open-loop Receiver (Radio Science Receiver)5.5.6 Media Calibration5.5.7 Spacecraft Trajectory5.5.8 Calibration Data SetsAppendix 5A Spacecraft Telecommunications System and Radio Science Flight Instrument for Several Deep Space Missions
6 Future Directions in Radio Science Investigations and Technologies
6.1 Fundamental Questions toward a Future Exploration Roadmap6.1.1 Fundamental Questions about the Utility of RS Techniques6.1.2 Possible Triggers for Specific Innovations for Future Investigations6.1.3 Possible Synergies with Other Fields6.1.4 Examining Relevant Methodologies6.2 Science-Enabling Technologies: Constellations of Small Spacecraft6.2.1 Constellations for Investigations of Atmospheric Structure and Dynamics6.2.2 Constellations for Investigations of Interior Structure and Dynamics6.2.3 Constellations for Simultaneous and Differential Measurements6.2.4 Constellations of Entry Probes and Atmospheric Vehicles6.2.5 Constellations for Investigations of Planetary Surface6.3 Science-enabling via Optical Links6.4 Science-enabling Calibration Techniques6.4.1 Earth’s Troposphere Water Vapor Radiometry6.4.2 Antenna Mechanical Noise6.4.3 Advanced Ranging6.5 SummaryAppendix 6A The National Academies Planetary Science Decadal Survey, Radio Science Contribution, 2009: Planetary Radio Science: Investigations of Interiors, Surfaces, Atmospheres, Rings, and Environments6A.1 Summary6A.2 Background6A.3 Historical Opportunities and Discoveries6A.4 Recent Opportunities and Discoveries6A.5 Future Opportunities6A.6 Technological Advances in Flight Instrumentation6A.7 The Future of Flight Instrumentation6A.7.1 Crosslink Radio Science6A.7.2 Ka-band Transponders and Other Instrumentation6A.8 Ground Instrumentation6A.8.1 NASA’s Deep Space Network6A.8.2 Other Facilities6A.9 New Communications Architectures: Arrays and Optical Links6A.10 Conclusion and GoalsAppendix 6B The National Academies Planetary Science Decadal Survey, Radio Science Contribution: Solar System Interiors, Atmospheres, and Surfaces Investigations via Radio Links: Goals for the Next Decade6B.1 Summary6B.2 Current Status of RS Investigations6B.3 Key Science Goals for the Next Decade6B.4 Radio Science Techniques for Achieving the Science Goals of the Next Decade6B.5 Technology Development Needed in the Next Decade
References
Acronyms and Abbreviations
Index
End User License Agreement

Content preview from Radio Science Techniques for Deep Space Exploration

Author and Contributors

Sami W. Asmar is a physicist and manager at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, an experimental radio science coinvestigator on several solar system missions, and a technologist leading institutional initiatives to advance radio and laser link utilization for planetary exploration. He has been the project scientist for the GRAIL lunar mission and instrument manager or instrument scientist for many NASA and ESA planetary missions. He also served as the supervisor of the Radio Science Systems Group for many years and is currently a manager at the Interplanetary Network Directorate for strategic partnerships and customer formulation.

He is the current General Secretary, management council chair, and NASA chief delegate to the Consultative Committee on Space Data Systems (CCSDS) composed of 11 member space agencies, 32 observer agencies, and 120 industrial associates.

He invented the Mars Cube One (MarCO) mission and the “Carry Your Own Relay” concept (NASA Inventions and Contributions Board Award NPO-49544 Mars Relay CubeSat, 2014) and formulated follow-on concepts, pioneered “communications by Doppler” for mission critical events and other technologies. He has published in leading journals and conferences, taught short courses, and often served as a journal reviewer and conference session chair.

He received three NASA Exceptional Achievement Medals for Outstanding execution of the Cassini experiment and verification of ...

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Radio Science Techniques for Deep Space Exploration

by Sami W. Asmar

Author and Contributors

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