Real-Time Simulation Technologies: Principles, Methodologies, and Applications

1 Real-Time Simulation Using Hybrid Models

Roy Crosbie

CONTENTS

1.1 Introduction: Discrete and Continuous Models

1.1.1 Discrete Models

1.1.2 Continuous Models

1.2 Discrete Modeling

1.2.1 Queuing Models

1.2.2 Digital System Models

1.2.3 DEVS Formalism

1.2.4 Time Management for Discrete Simulation

1.2.5 Software for Discrete Simulation

1.2.6 Example of a Discrete-Event Simulation

1.3 Continuous Modeling

1.3.1 Nature of Continuous Models

1.3.2 Time Management for Continuous Simulations

1.3.2.1 Types of Numerical Integration Algorithm

1.3.2.2 Fixed versus Variable Step

1.3.2.3 Explicit versus Implicit

1.3.2.4 Single-Step versus Multistep

1.3.2.5 Variable-Order Algorithms and Stiff Systems

1.3.2.6 Difference Equations

1.3.3 Software for Continuous ...