Chapter 1. Surfing the Web
The World Wide Web became popular because ordinary people can use it to do really useful things with minimal training. But behind the scenes, the Web is also a powerful platform for distributed computing.
The principles that make the Web usable by ordinary people also work when the “user” is an automated software agent. A piece of software designed to transfer money between bank accounts (or carry out any other real-world task) can accomplish the task using the same basic technologies a human being would use.
As far as this book is concerned, the Web is based on three technologies: the URL naming convention, the HTTP protocol, and the HTML document format. URL and HTTP are simple, but to apply them to distributed programming you must understand them in more detail than the average web developer does. The first few chapters of this book are dedicated to giving you this understanding.
The story of HTML is a little more complicated. In the world of web APIs, there are dozens of data formats competing to take the place of HTML. An exploration of these formats will take up several chapters of this book, starting in Chapter 5. For now, I want to focus on URL and HTTP, and use HTML solely as an example.
I’m going to start off by telling a simple story about the World Wide Web, as a way of explaining the principles behind its design and the reasons for its success. The story needs to be simple because although you’re certainly familiar with the Web, you might not ...
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