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R语言计量金融初学指南
book

R语言计量金融初学指南

by Posts & Telecom Press, Berlinger Edina, Daróczi Gergely, Csóka Péter
May 2024
Beginner to intermediate
141 pages
2h 7m
Chinese
Packt Publishing
Content preview from R语言计量金融初学指南

第6章 衍生品定价

衍生品是一种金融工具,它的价值源于(或者说取决于)称为基础资产的其他产品的价值。衍生品的3种基本类型是远期和期货合约、互换,以及期权。本章将关注最后一种类型并讲述基本的期权定价模型,以及一些可以用R处理的相关问题。我们始于如何在R中使用连续Black-Scholes模型和二项Cox- Ross-Rubinstein模型,接着继续讨论这些模型之间的联系。进而我们通过计算希腊字母并绘图,说明如何分析期权包含的市场风险的最重要类型。最后,我们会讨论隐含波动率的意义,并通过真实市场数据画出波动率微笑来解释这种现象。

期权区别于期货或互换的最重要特征是,你无法确认这笔交易(买入或者卖出基础资产)是否会发生。这种特征使期权定价更加复杂,并要求所有的模型对基础产品的未来价格变动做出假设。这里涉及的两种模型在假设上有所区别:Black-Scholes模型采用连续过程,而Cox-Ross-Rubinstein模型采用离散的随机过程。但是,其余假设非常相似,并且结果也很接近(甚至基本相同)。

Black-Scholes模型(Black和Sholes,1973,也见Merton,1973)的假设如下。

  • 基础资产的价格(S)服从几何布朗运动:dS=μSdt+σSdW,其中,μ(漂移率)和σ(波动率)是常数参数,W是一个标准的维纳过程。
  • 市场无套利。
  • 基础产品是不支付红利的股票。
  • 可以以任意数量(甚至是分数)买入或者(做空)卖出基础资产。
  • 没有交易成本。
  • 短期利率(r)已知,并且不随着时间变动。

模型的主要结果是,在这些假设之下,欧式看涨期权的价格(c)有闭式的公式。

在这里,X是执行价格,是期权到期的时间,N表示标准正态分布的累积分布函数。这个方程给出的期权价格就是通常所说的Black-Scholes公式。从看跌-看涨平价关系中容易看出,参数相同的欧式看跌期权的价格( ...

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Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9781836206033