book

SAP ABAP: Hands-On Test Projects with Business Scenarios

Name: SAP ABAP: Hands-On Test Projects with Business Scenarios
ISBN: 9781430248040

by Sushil Markandeya, Kaushik Roy

November 2014

Intermediate to advanced

892 pages

22h 33m

English

Apress

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Cover
Title
Copyright
Dedication
Contents at a Glance
Contents
About the Authors
About the Technical Reviewer
Acknowledgments
Introduction

Chapter 1: ERP and SAP Overview
ERP OverviewBusiness EnterprisesBusiness ActivitiesERP Concept, Its EvolutionMajor Attributes of ERP SoftwareSAP OverviewClient Server ArchitectureSAP NetWeaverSAP FunctionalitiesSAP Implementation OverviewOverview of SAP Login, SAP GUI, ABAP WorkbenchClient Code PerspectivesSAP IDES (Internet Demonstration & Evaluation System) Server and Usage of IDES Server for TrainingsTerminology ClarificationConclusion
Chapter 2: ABAP Dictionary/Data Dictionary/DDIC – 1
ABAP Dictionary: Initial ScreenView Table Structure Definitions of the SAP Delivered VBRK and VBRP TablesDDIC AttributesMetadataStandardization and UniformityOpen SQL and the Data Definition LanguageDDIC Object References in ABAP ProgramsData Control LanguageSearch Helps/Pop-up Selection ListsData Types in the DDICData Type DECData Types CURR, QUANDDIC Object DomainView or Examine an SAP Delivered DomainDDIC Object Data ElementView or Examine an SAP Delivered Data ElementDomain and Data Element RelationshipDDIC Object TableTransparent TablesDomain, Data Element, and Table RelationshipView, Examine an SAP Delivered TableScenario for Hands-on Exercise on Domain, Data Element, and TableTable and Table FieldsEntity Relationship Diagram – Restaurant Billing SystemAssigning DDIC Data Types and Lengths to Table FieldsSummary of Data Types, Lengths, and List of Tables’ Entities and AttributesCreation of Domains, Data Elements, and TablesObjects Naming Convention, Listing of ObjectsCreate DomainsCreate Data ElementsCreate TablesCreate Data in TablesData in Table YCL_CH02_WAITMForeign Key Relationship Dialog Box AgainText TablesRecapitulation: Domains, Data Elements, and Tables
Chapter 3: ABAP Dictionary/Data Dictionary/DDIC – 2
DDIC Objects ViewsDatabase ViewsProjection ViewDDIC Objects Search HelpsSearch Help with Custom TablesSearch Helps with SAP delivered TablesCollective Search Help with SAP delivered TableSearch Help AttachmentsSearch Help with Help ViewDDIC Tit BitsConclusion
Chapter 4: ABAP Language Basics
IntroductionABAP Data TypesElementary TypesComplex TypesReference Types (Discussion Is in OOP Context)Data Objects in ABAP ProgramsInternal Data ObjectsExternal Data ObjectsSystem-defined Data ObjectsSpecial Data ObjectsABAP Program ComponentsABAP EditorsFront-End Editor (New, also Called ‘Source Code Mode’)Front-End Editor (Old, also Called ‘Plain Text Mode’)Back-End Editor (also Called ‘Line Based Mode’)Common Features of the Three ABAP Editor ModesABAP Program StructureDeclaration Part- Global Data, Selection Screens, and Local ClassesContainer for Processing BlocksCalling Processing BlocksABAP Statement StructureCommentsABAP StatementsABAP Statements and KeywordsFirst ABAP ProgramABAP Program – Output a Few System FieldsSystem FieldsInternal Data Objects (Elementary) DeclarationsVariablesABAP Program: Declare Internal Data Objects – Variables (with VALUE) - OutputABAP Program: Declare Internal Data Objects – Constants - OutputLiteralsElementary Data Objects - Assigning Values or Data MovementElementary Data Objects – Assignment or Movement with Offsets and Lengths (Types C, D, N and T)Structured Data Objects, Own Data TypesStructured Data Object–ABAP Program: Access Individual FieldsStructured Data Object: Access Complete StructureStructured Data Object in an ABAP Program: User Defined Type in ABAP Program, Access Complete StructureUser Defined Type in DDICStructured Data Object in an ABAP Program Referring to DDIC Type GroupStructured Data Objects: MOVE Statement – Source, Destination Not IdenticalDate, Time ArithmeticDate Arithmetic – ABAP ProgramArithmetic - Numerical OperationsBasic Arithmetic Operations/OperatorsFunctions Common to All Numeric Data TypesFloating Point FunctionsArithmetic Operations on StructuresString OperationsAn ABAP Program Demonstrating TRANSLATE. UPPER CASE/LOWER CASE is CodedAn ABAP Program Demonstrating CONCATENATE is CodedAn ABAP Program Demonstrating SPLIT, the Reverse of CONCATENATE is CodedAn ABAP Program Demonstrating the Function STRLEN( ) is CodedAn ABAP Program Demonstrating the Statement CONDENSE is CodedProgram Internal Flow ControlConditions, Conditional OperatorsThe IF Condition StatementConditional Branching with CASEThe Unconditional Loops: DO - ENDDOThe Conditional Loops: - WHILE - ENDWHILEDetermine Attributes of Data ObjectsConclusion
Chapter 5: WRITE Statement (Classical Reporting)
WRITE StatementWRITE Statement: Hands-on Exercise - A Simple Customer ListWRITE Statement: Hands-on Exercise - A Simple Customer List with Standard Page Header or List HeadersAn Introduction to Events in ABAP ProgramsEvent - START-OF-SELECTIONWRITE Statement: Hands-on Exercise - Simple Customer List with the Nonstandard Page HeaderTOP-OF-PAGE EventText Element Component Text SymbolsSource Program, the Program FlowWRITE Statement: Hands-on Exercise - Simple Customer List with the NonStandard Page Header, FooterWRITE Statement: Hands-on Exercise - Simple Customer List Using COLOR OptionsWRITE Statement: Hands-on Exercise - Simple Customer List with Fields Enclosed in BoxesWRITE Statement: Hands-on Exercise - List of Billing Documents of a Specified Company CodeText SymbolsWRITE Statement: Hands-on Exercise - Getting Part of Output on a Single Page, Not Splitting between PagesScenario:WRITE Statement: Hands-on Exercise - Freeze Columns on the Left: SET LEFT SCROLL-BOUNDARYWRITE Statement: Miscellaneous Features, StatementsWRITE Statement - FeaturesWRITE Statement – Associated StatementsOutput Formatting OptionsConclusion
Chapter 6: Internal Tables
DDIC Object: StructureInternal Tables DeclarationsInternal Tables – 3.X Mode of DeclarationsHands-On Exercise: List of Billing Documents of a Specified Company CodeHands-On Exercise: Customer Code Wise List of Billing Documents of a Specified Company Code with Totals for Every Customer and a Grand TotalInternal Table Declarations – ContinuedInternal Tables – 4.X Mode of DeclarationsCreate DDIC Internal Table TypeInternal Tables – 4.X Mode of Declarations – ContinuedHands-On Exercise: Split a String, Get Output in Nonstructured Internal TableSORT StatementAPPEND StatementHands-On Exercise: Internal Table Text Sort (Use APPEND to Populate Internal Table)Hands-On Exercise: Customer Wise Sales Summary of a Specified Company Code Using the COLLECT Internal Table Statement on a Standard TableOutputInputsCOLLECT StatementCOLLECT Statement OperationHands-On Exercise: Customer Wise Sales of a Specified Company Code Using COLLECT Internal Table Statement on a Sorted TableHands-On Exercise: READ with Index (Retrieve a Row Given a Row Number)Hands-On Exercise: READ...WITHKEY... (Retrieve a Row Given Key Field Values)Hands-On Exercise: INSERT...INDEX... (Insert a Row at a Specified Row Position)Non-Index INSERT StatementDelete Data from Internal TablesDELETE Single RowsDELETE Multiple RowsHands-On Exercise: Delete Adjacent DuplicatesScenarioMODIFY Statement – Update/Change Existing Rows in Internal TablesMODIFY Statement – Update or Change a Single RowMODIFY Statement – Update or Change Multiple RowsHands-On Exercise: MODIFY Single RowHands-On Exercise: MODIFY Multiple RowsHands-On Exercise: DESCRIBE TABLE Statement, Function: LINES( )Hands-On Exercise: Produce Multilevel Summary Using Internal Table Control Level ProcessingScenarioInput Data IdentificationDatabase ViewOutput Main Body LayoutControl LevelsMapping Application of Control Levels to ScenarioSUM statementExtra ProcessingA Note on the Data Sources – Program YCL_CH06_ITAB14 vis-à-vis the Program YCL_CH06_ITAB05Hands-On Exercise: Initialize Internal Tables Rows or Complete DataClearRefreshFreeMOVE, Assign, Copy, Internal TablesConclusion
Chapter 7: Modularization
IntroductionMacrosSubroutinesHands-On Exercise: Modify Chapter 44 Program on DESCRIBE FIELD – Use Macro and Subroutine to Make It an Efficient ProgramHands-On Exercise: Modify Chapter 44 Program on DESCRIBE FIELD – Use Subroutine OnlyHands-On Exercise: Subroutine with an Internal Table as ParameterHands-On Exercise: Subroutine with a Structure as ParameterHands-On Exercise: List of Icons in SAP GUI Environment – Fields Enclosed in Boxes Using Macro and SubroutineMessages Maintenance and Issuing in ABAP WorkbenchMessage Text MaintenanceMessage IssuanceMessage Statement SyntaxesMessage Statement Additional OptionsHands-On Exercise: Message IssuanceFunction Modules, INCLUDE ProgramsFunction Modules IntroductionExamine or View an SAP Delivered Function Module: SPELL_AMOUNTHands-On Exercise: CALL Function Module SPELL_AMOUNTLink, Relationship between Function Group & Function Module Source Code (Examine/View Function Module SPELL_AMOUNT – Continued)Hands-On Exercise: Create a Function Module to Split a String without breaking a WordProposed Function Module Interface:Tasks to Create, CALL, and Test the Proposed Function ModuleCreate a Function GroupSpecial Function Modules - Conversion RoutinesConversion Routines BackgroundConversion Routines AssignmentConversion Routine AttributesConversion Routine – Hands-On Exercise: 1Conversion Routine – Hands-On Exercise: 2 and 3INCLUDE ProgramsFunction Modules TidbitsList of a Few Function ModulesConclusion
Chapter 8: Open SQL Data Retrieval
IntroductionOpen SQL SELECT StatementSELECT… ENDSELECT with WHERE Condition, ORDER BY and UP TO ClausesSELECT SINGLE with/without WHERE conditionSELECT… INTO TABLEHands-On Exercise – INTO TABLE… PACKAGE SIZE…Hands-On Exercise – APPENDING TABLE… PACKAGE SIZE…Hands-On Exercise – SELECT DISTINCT…Hands-On Exercise – Aggregate FunctionsSUMCOUNTMAXMINAVGSELECT Statement Using More Than One Table or View – JoinsHands-On Exercise – Inner JoinHands-On Exercise – Outer JoinHands-On Exercise – SubqueryTabular WHERE ConditionABAP FIELD-SYMBOLSField Symbol DeclarationsField Symbol Static AssignmentsField Symbol Hands-On ExerciseField Symbol Dynamic Assignments, UNASSIGN, Check If AssignedSpecify the <source> In Open SQL SELECT Statement at RuntimeCreate Dynamic Data ObjectsRun Time <source> Specification in SELECT Statement – Hands-onSpecify in the Open SQL SELECT Statement Run Time <result>, <where condition>, and <order by>BYPASSING BUFFER, CLIENT SPECIFIED, CURSORSBYPASSING BUFFERCLIENT SPECIFIEDCURSORSPerformance NotesA Brief on ABAP DebuggerBreak Points, Watch Points, and Executing Programs in Debugging ModeDebugger TypesBreak Point TypesExecute Programs in Debugging ModeHands-On Exercise I - ABAP DebuggerHands-on Exercise II - ABAP DebuggerConclusion - ABAP DebuggerConclusion
Chapter 9: SELECTION-SCREENS
Recapitulation – PARAMETERS StatementSelection Screen: Layout and Positioning of Screen ElementsGenerate Blank LinesMultiple Elements on a Single LineCreate Label or TextInput FieldCreate a Push Button with Icon and TextGenerate a blank line through the already covered statementSelection Screen Block, BEGIN OF BLOCKSelection screen radio buttonsTwo Push Buttons on a LineGenerate a blank line through the already covered statementEND OF BLOCKAT SELECTION-SCREEN eventEvent INITIALIZATION, Selection Screen Event – AT SELECTION-SCREEN OUTPUTChanging Screen Properties - EventsChanging Screen Properties – Data Objects SCREENChanging Screen Properties – Operations on Data Objects SCREENChanging Screen Properties Using Event AT SELECTION-SCREEN OUTPUT (A Simple Payment Mode Scenario)ScenarioSelection Screen Event – AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE-REQUEST FOR <field>Selection Screen Event – AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON HELP REQUEST FOR <field>The Origins of F1 Help on a Screen FieldSituation for the Event: AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON HELP REQUEST FOR <field>Selection Screen Event – AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON <field>Selection Screen Event – AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON BLOCK <block name>SELECTION-SCREEN Complex and Multiple Selections – SELECT-OPTIONSSELECT-OPTIONS – SyntaxSELECT-OPTIONS – Data objectsSELECT-OPTIONS – Screens, Prompts And Dialog BoxesSELECT-OPTIONS –Selection Table In WHERE Condition of SELECT StatementABAP Program VariantsSELECT-OPTIONS – Additions NO INTERVALS, NO-EXTENSIONCoding an ABAP Program to Be Able to Run It in BackgroundBackground JobsA New Version of the Program YCL_CH09_SELECTION_SCREEN08 Enabling it to Run in the BackgroundSELECT-OPTIONS - MiscellaneaSELECT-OPTIONS EventsSELECT-OPTIONS with DEFAULT AdditionSELECT-OPTIONS Other AdditionsSelection TextsSELECTION-SCREEN - MiscellaneaCheck Box on a Selection ScreenHorizontal Line on a Selection ScreenAddition MODIF ID with Selection Screen ElementsEvent AT SELECTION SCREEN ON EXIT-COMMANDDefine and Call User Defined SELECTION-SCREENConclusion
Chapter 10: Interactive Lists
Multiple Lists Generation by an ABAP ProgramInteractive Lists: Events and ConsiderationsHands-on Exercise to Highlight Event AT LINE-SELECTION and the Operation of the System Field SY-LSINDHands-on Exercise: Produce Two Level Sales Report Using the AT LINE-SELECTION Event (1 Primary and 1 Secondary)Data DeclarationsCoding in the Event Block AT LINE-SELECTIONHands-on Exercise: Produce Three Level Sales Report Using the AT LINE-SELECTION Event (1 Primary and 2 Secondary)Layout:Information Passing: From One List to Another – the HIDE StatementCreate the Text in Text Symbols for the Header of a Secondary List IIHands-on Exercise: Produce Three Level Sales Reports Using the AT USER-COMMAND Event (1 Primary and 2 Secondary)Trigger AT USER-COMMAND Event by Clicking Custom Buttons on the Custom Application Toolbar:Create a Custom Application Toolbar in the Menu PainterCreate Text in Text Symbols for Providing Dynamic Texts to Status ‘STAT2f’Hands-on Exercise: Output Data of Runtime Specified Fields of a Runtime Specified Database Table or View with Column Heading from Corresponding Data ElementsLists or OutputsProgram Features, ConsiderationsHands-on Exercise: Demonstration of SET USER-COMMAND and Lists in Dialogue BoxesInteractive Lists Tid BitsFeatures of Interactive Lists Not Covered:Conclusion
Chapter 11: ABAP OOP
IntroductionLocal Class Syntaxes: Definition, Implementation, Declaration of Methods, Calling MethodsClass Definition:Declaration of MethodsClass ImplementationCalling Methods, Referring to AttributesInterface DeclarationHands-on Exercise: Define and Implement a Simple Local Class(Method to Concatenate a Text Array into a String)Hands-on Exercise: Define and Implement a Simple Global Class(Method to Concatenate a Text Array into a String)Hands-on Exercise: Global Class (Method to Split a String without Breaking a Word)Hands-on Exercise: Define Local Interface, Implement Interface Method in Local Classes (Method to Fetch Business Partner Name & Address)ScenarioHands-on Exercise: Use Methods of SAP Delivered Class ‘CL_GUI_FRONTEND_SERVICES’Tour of Class CL_GUI_FRONTEND_SERVICESExercise and ABAP Program SpecificationsHands-on Exercise: Context Menus - Use Method of SAP Supplied Class CL_CTMENUContext MenusCreate a Context MenuBuilt-in Class CL_CTMENU – Method LOAD_GUI_STATUSCall Back Subroutine ON_CTMENU_REQESTClass Based Exceptions in ABAPCreate a Custom Exception Class (OTR Texts)Use Your Own Exception Class in the Event AT SELECTION-SCREEN of an ABAP ProgramUse a Custom Class Based Exception in the Function ModuleCreate a Custom Exception Class (Message Class Text)Use a Custom Exception Class in a SubroutineA Brief on the ABAP RTTS (Runtime Type Services)Hands-on Exercise to Demonstrate RTTC & RTTIConclusion
Chapter 12: ABAP List Viewer Outputs—Part 1
ALV Output ArchitectureScreen Programming BasicsAttributesLayout EditorElement ListFlow LogicThe Classes CL_GUI_CUSTOM_CONTAINER and CL_GUI_ALV_GRIDCL_GUI_CUSTOM_CONTAINERCL_GUI_ALV_GRIDALV Miscellaneous TopicsHands-on Exercise: Customer-wise Sales Summary of a Specified Company Code as ALV Output: Use Class CL_GUI_ALV_GRIDInitial Output LayoutPerforming Tasks for ALV OutputChanging LayoutHands-on Exercise: Customer-wise Sales Summary of a Specified Company Code as ALV Output, Version 2: Use Class CL_GUI_ALV_GRIDUse the Field Catalog and Provide Save Layouts Facility, EtcCreating a Field CatalogControlling Overall Appearance of ALV OutputSave and Manage ALV Output LayoutsHands-on Exercise: Customer-wise Sales Summary and Detail of a Specified Company Code as ALV Output: Use Class CL_GUI_ALV_GRIDGenerating a Detailed List of Customer Billing DocumentsPlacing a Custom Button on the ALV Toolbar and Making It OperativeOutputting a Serial Number and Adjusting It with the Change in ALV LayoutConclusion
Chapter 13: ABAP List Viewer Output—Part 2
ALV Output Using the Class CL_SALV_TABLEMain ALV class: CL_SALV_TABLEHands-on Exercise: Customer-wise Sales Summary of a Specified Company Code as ALV Output: Use Class CL_SALV_TABLEChange Field or Column Properties Provide for Save Layouts Facility, EtcHands-on Exercise: Customer-wise Sales Summary and Detail of a Specified Company Code as ALV Output: Use Class CL_SALV_TABLEEvents DOUBLE_CLICK, CLOSE, Put Buttons on ALV Toolbar and USER_COMMANDA Note on Problems with the Class CL_SALV_TABLEProblem with Multiple Fields SortMethods of Class CL_SALV_SELOPTCreate Data Browsers Using the Classes CL_GUI_ALV_GRID and CL_SALV_TABLEHands-on Exercise: Output Specific Selected Fields of a Specific Database Table or View in ALV: Use Class CL_GUI_ALV_GRIDHands-on Exercise: Output Specific Selected Fields of a Specific Database Table or View in ALV: Use Class CL_SALV_TABLEConclusion
Chapter 14: Screen Programming
Basics of Screen PainterHands-on Exercise. Operate on the Data of a Copy of Table ‘T005T’Data to Be Operated UponScreensTransaction Code SE80 – Object NavigatorTest OperationsHands-on Exercise. Demonstrate Search Help Import Parameters, Screen Event PROCESS ON VALUE-REQUEST – POV, etcScenarioScenario ImplementationHands-on Exercise. Simulate Tab Strip Element Using Sub Screen Area, Sub Screens and Application Tool Bar ButtonsTab Strip Element/ControlScenarioData for the ScenarioScreen, Sub Screens LayoutProgram and Other ObjectsHands-on Exercise. Tab Strip ElementHands-on Exercise. Use Table ElementTable Element/ControlScenarioScenario ImplementationMiscellaneaCreate Custom Transaction CodeA Brief Overview of DDIC Lock ObjectsTab Strip on a SELECTION-SCREENMaintenance Views and Table Maintenance DialogsOverview. Maintenance Views, Table Maintenance Generator, and Table Maintenance DialogsHands-on Exercise. Create and Operate Table Maintenance Dialog for the Custom Database Table YCL_CH02_BILLIHands-on Exercise. Modify Generated Table Maintenance DialogMaintenance View, Table Maintenance Dialog, MiscellaneaConclusion
Appendix A: Description of the SAP-Delivered Tables Used in the Hands-On Exercises
SAP-Delivered Tables Used in the Hands-On Exercises of the Book – Categories and Subcategories“T” Series - Universal Data Tables“T” Series - Configuring Data Tables‘T’ Series - Cross Client TablesMaster Data Tables - CustomersMaster Data Tables - VendorsMaster Data Tables – MaterialTransaction Data Tables - SalesFields Requiring Further ExplanationFields Requiring Further ExplanationTables of Sales Functionality - ER DiagramTransaction Data Tables - PurchaseER Diagram of Tables of Purchase FunctionalityX. Cross client (Client independent) tablesNon-categorized TableConclusion
Index

Content preview from SAP ABAP: Hands-On Test Projects with Business Scenarios

CHAPTER 4

ABAP Language Basics

Introduction

Advanced Business Application Programming (ABAP), the proprietary language of SAP, has basically procedure oriented constructs. When it was created (in the 1970s), there was no OOP technology application. The OOP constructs in ABAP were incorporated sometime in the beginning of the millennia. It is an interpreter driven language. And its limited repertoire of statements and features at the time SAP R/3 release (in 1992) have grown considerably.

The ABAP source programs are stored in the SAP database. The complied runtime version, much akin to the Java byte code, is also stored in the SAP database. The ...

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SAP ABAP: Hands-On Test Projects with Business Scenarios

by Sushil Markandeya, Kaushik Roy

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