sed & awk, 2nd Edition

About the Syntax of sed Commands

Before looking at individual commands, there are a couple of points to review about the syntax of all sed commands. We covered most of this material in the previous chapter.

A line address is optional with any command. It can be a pattern described as a regular expression surrounded by slashes, a line number, or a line-addressing symbol. Most sed commands can accept two comma-separated addresses that indicate a range of lines. For these commands, our convention is to specify:

[address]command

A few commands accept only a single line address. They cannot be applied to a range of lines. The convention for them is:

[line-address]command

Remember also that commands can be grouped at the same address by surrounding the list of commands in braces:

address { 
		command1
		command2
		command3
}

The first command can be placed on the same line with the opening brace but the closing brace must appear on its own line. Each command can have its own address and multiple levels of grouping are permitted. Also, as you can see from the indentation of the commands inside the braces, spaces, and tabs at the beginning of lines are permitted.

When sed is unable to understand a command, it prints the message “Command garbled.” One subtle syntax error is adding a space after a command. This is not allowed; the end of a command must be at the end of the line.

Proof of this restriction is offered by an “undocumented” feature: multiple sed commands can be placed on the same ...