Hard computational problems are the cornerstone of modern cryptography. These are problems for which even the best algorithm wouldn’t find a solution before the sun burns out.
In the 1970s, the rigorous study of hard problems gave rise to a new field of science called computational complexity theory, which dramatically impacted cryptography and many other fields, including economics, physics, and biology. In this chapter, you’ll learn the conceptual tools from complexity theory necessary to understand the foundations of cryptographic security. I’ll also introduce the hard problems behind public-key schemes, such as RSA encryption ...
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