Optical Transmission Techniques for Layer 4 Networks
This appendix looks at the techniques used for optical transmission across Layer 4 networks—the telcos’ metro and long-haul networks and data center interconnect links. The layering scheme is defined in Chapter 2, Layers and the Evolution of Communications Networks, while optical transport and data center interconnect are subjects discussed in Chapter 5, Metro and Long-Haul Network Growth Demands Exponential Progress.
For such transmissions, optical engineers seek to improve continually the amount of data that is sent over fiber. Engineers draw upon two techniques to increase the capacity of their optical transmissions: modulation and multiplexing.
Modulation is used to transmit data ...
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