Chapter 1 The Three Layers of the Web

Once upon a time, there was … ‘A king!’ my little readers will say right away. No, children, you are wrong. Once upon a time there was a piece of wood…

The Adventures of Pinocchio

You can do a lot without JavaScript. Using Hypertext Markup Language (HTML),[1] you can produce complex documents that intricately describe the content of a page—and that content’s meaning—to the minutest detail. Using Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), you can present that content in myriad ways, with variations as subtle as a single color, as striking as replacing text with an image.

No matter how you dress it up, though, HTML and CSS can only achieve the static beauty of the department store mannequin—or at best, an animatronic ...

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