Transaction log
When SQL Server processes any transaction, it works in a way called two-phase commit. When a client starts a transaction by sending a single DML request or by calling the BEGIN TRAN command, SQL Server requests data pages from disk to memory called buffer cache and makes the requested changes in these data pages in memory. When the DML request is fulfilled or the COMMIT command comes from the client, the first phase of the commit is finished, but data pages in memory differ from their original versions in a data file on disk. The data page in memory is in a state called dirty.
When a transaction runs, a transaction log file is used by SQL Server for a very detailed chronological description of every single action done during ...
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