book

SQL Server T-SQL Recipes, Fourth Edition

Name: SQL Server T-SQL Recipes, Fourth Edition
ISBN: 9781484200612

by Jason Brimhall, Jonathan Gennick, Wayne Sheffield

July 2015

Intermediate to advanced

972 pages

21h 39m

English

Apress

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Cover
Title
Copyright
Dedication
Contents at a Glance
Contents
About the Authors
About the Techincal reviewer
Acknowledgments
Introduction

Chapter 1: Getting Started with SELECT
1-1. Connecting to a DatabaseProblemSolutionHow It Works1-2. Checking the Database Server VersionProblemSolutionHow It Works1-3. Checking the Database NameProblemSolutionHow It Works1-4. Checking Your UsernameProblemSolutionHow It Works1-5. Querying a TableProblemSolutionHow It Works1-6. Returning Specific RowsProblemSolutionHow It Works1-7. Listing the Available TablesProblemSolutionHow It Works1-8. Naming the Output ColumnsProblemSolutionHow It Works1-9. Providing Shorthand Names for TablesProblemSolutionHow It Works1-10. Computing New Columns from Existing DataProblemSolutionHow It Works1-11. Negating a Search ConditionProblemSolutionHow It Works1-12. Keeping the WHERE Clause UnambiguousProblemSolutionHow It Works1-13. Testing for ExistenceProblemSolutionHow It Works1-14. Specifying a Range of ValuesProblemSolutionHow It Works1-15. Checking for Null ValuesProblemSolutionHow It Works1-16. Writing an IN-ListProblemSolutionHow It Works1-17. Performing Wildcard SearchesProblemSolutionHow It Works1-18. Sorting Your ResultsProblemSolutionHow It Works1-19. Specifying the Case-Sensitivity of a SortProblemSolutionHow It Works1-20. Sorting Nulls High or LowProblemSolutionHow It Works1-21. Forcing Unusual Sort OrdersProblemSolutionHow It Works1-22. Paging Through a Result SetProblemSolutionHow It Works1-23. Sampling a Subset of RowsProblemSolutionHow It Works
Chapter 2: Elementary Programming
2-1. Executing T-SQL from a FileProblemSolutionHow It Works2-2. Retrieving Values into VariablesProblemSolutionHow It Works2-3. Writing ExpressionsProblemSolutionHow It Works2-4. Deciding Between Two Execution PathsProblemSolutionHow It Works2-5. Detecting Whether Rows ExistProblemSolutionHow It Works2-6. Going to a Label in a Transact-SQL BatchProblemSolutionHow It Works2-7. Trapping and Throwing ErrorsProblemSolutionHow It Works2-8. Returning from the Current Execution ScopeProblemSolution #1: Exit with No Return ValueSolution #2: Exit and Provide a ValueHow It Works2-9. Writing a Simple CASE ExpressionProblemSolutionHow It Works2-10. Writing a Searched CASE ExpressionProblemSolutionHow It Works2-11. Repeatedly Executing a Section of CodeProblemSolutionHow It Works2-12. Controlling Iteration in a LoopProblemSolutionHow It Works2-13. Pausing Execution for a Period of TimeProblemSolutionHow It Works2-14. Looping through Query Results a Row at a TimeProblemSolutionHow It Works
Chapter 3: Working with NULLS
3-1. Replacing NULL with an Alternate ValueProblemSolutionHow It Works3-2. Returning the First Non-NULL Value from a ListProblemSolutionHow It Works3-3. Choosing Between ISNULL and COALESCE in a SELECT StatementProblemSolutionHow It Works3-4. Looking for NULLs in a TableProblemSolutionHow It Works3-5. Removing Values from an AggregateProblemSolutionHow It Works3-6. Enforcing Uniqueness with NULL ValuesProblemSolutionHow It Works3-7. Enforcing Referential Integrity on Nullable ColumnsProblemSolutionHow It Works3-8. Joining Tables on Nullable ColumnsProblemSolutionHow It Works
Chapter 4: Querying from Multiple Tables
4-1. Correlating Parent and Child RowsProblemSolutionHow It Works4-2. Querying Many-to-Many RelationshipsProblemSolutionHow It Works4-3. Making One Side of a Join OptionalProblemSolutionHow It Works4-4. Making Both Sides of a Join OptionalProblemSolutionHow It Works4-5. Generating All Possible Row CombinationsProblemSolutionHow It Works4-6. Selecting from a Result SetProblemSolutionHow It Works4-7. Introducing New ColumnsProblemSolutionHow It Works4-8. Testing for the Existence of a RowProblemSolutionHow It Works4-9. Testing Against the Result from a QueryProblemSolutionHow It Works4-10. Stacking Two Row Sets VerticallyProblemSolutionHow It Works4-11. Eliminating Duplicate Values from a UnionProblemSolutionHow It Works4-12. Subtracting One Row Set from AnotherProblemSolutionHow It Works4-13. Finding Rows in Common Between Two Row SetsProblemSolutionHow It Works4-14. Finding Rows that Are MissingProblemSolutionHow It Works4-15. Comparing Two TablesProblemSolutionHow It Works
Chapter 5: Aggregations and Grouping
5-1. Computing an AggregationProblemSolutionHow It Works5-2. Creating Aggregations Based upon the Values of the DataProblemSolutionHow It Works5-3. Counting the Rows in a GroupProblemSolutionHow It Works5-4. Detecting Changes in a TableProblemSolutionHow It Works5-5. Restricting a Result Set to Groups of InterestProblemSolutionHow It Works5-6. Performing Aggregations against Unique Values OnlyProblemSolutionHow It Works5-7. Creating Hierarchical SummariesProblemSolutionHow It Works5-8. Creating Summary Totals and SubtotalsProblemSolutionHow It Works5-9. Creating Custom SummariesProblemSolutionHow It Works5-10. Identifying Rows Generated by the GROUP BY ArgumentsProblemSolutionHow It Works5-11. Identifying Summary LevelsProblemSolutionHow It Works
Chapter 6: Advanced Select Techniques
6-1. Avoiding Duplicate ResultsProblemSolution #1Solution #2How It Works6-2. Returning the Top N RowsProblemSolutionHow It Works6-3. Renaming a Column in the OutputProblemSolutionHow It Works6-4. Retrieving Data Directly into VariablesProblemSolutionHow It Works6-5. Creating a New Table with the Results from a QueryProblemSolutionHow It Works6-6. Filtering the Results from a SubqueryProblemSolutionHow It Works6-7. Selecting from the Results of Another QueryProblemSolutionHow It Works6-8. Passing Rows Through a FunctionProblemSolutionHow It Works6-9. Returning Random Rows from a TableProblemSolutionHow It Works6-10. Converting Rows into ColumnsProblemSolutionHow It Works6-11. Converting Columns into RowsProblemSolutionHow It Works6-12. Reusing Common Subqueries in a QueryProblemSolutionHow It Works6-13. Querying Recursive TablesProblemSolutionHow It Works6-14. Hard-Coding the Results from a QueryProblemSolutionHow It Works
Chapter 7: Windowing Functions
7-1. Calculating Totals Based upon the Prior RowProblemSolutionHow It Works7-2. Calculating Totals Based upon a Subset of RowsProblemSolutionHow It Works7-3. Calculating a Percentage of TotalProblemSolutionHow It Works7-4. Calculating a “Row X of Y”ProblemSolutionHow It Works7-5. Using a Logical WindowProblemSolutionHow It Works7-6. Generating an Incrementing Row NumberProblemSolutionHow It Works7-7. Returning Rows by RankProblemSolutionHow It Works7-8. Sorting Rows into BucketsProblemSolutionHow It Works7-9. Grouping Logically Consecutive Rows TogetherProblemSolutionHow It Works7-10. Accessing Values from Other RowsProblemSolutionHow It Works7-11. Finding Gaps in a Sequence of NumbersProblemSolutionHow It Works7-12. Accessing the First or Last Value from a PartitionProblemSolutionHow It Works7-13. Calculating the Relative Position or Rank of a Value within a Set of ValuesProblemSolutionHow It Works7-14. Calculating Continuous or Discrete PercentilesProblemSolutionHow It Works7-15. Assigning Sequences in a Specified OrderProblemSolutionHow It Works
Chapter 8: Inserting, Updating, Deleting
8-1. Inserting a New RowProblemSolutionHow It Works8-2. Specifying Default ValuesProblemSolutionHow It Works8-3. Overriding an IDENTITY ColumnProblemSolutionHow It Works8-4. Generating a Globally Unique Identifier (GUID)ProblemSolutionHow It Works8-5. Inserting Results from a QueryProblemSolutionHow It Works8-6. Inserting Results from a Stored ProcedureProblemSolutionHow It Works8-7. Inserting Multiple Rows at Once from Supplied ValuesProblemSolutionHow It Works8-8. Inserting Rows and Returning the Inserted RowsProblemSolutionHow It Works8-9. Updating a Single Row or Set of RowsProblemSolutionHow It Works8-10. Updating While Using a Second Table as the Data SourceProblemSolutionHow It Works8-11. Updating Data and Returning the Affected RowsProblemSolutionHow It Works8-12. Updating Large-Value ColumnsProblemSolutionHow It Works8-13. Deleting RowsProblemSolutionHow It Works8-14. Deleting Rows and Returning the Deleted RowsProblemSolutionHow It Works8-15. Deleting All Rows Quickly (Truncating)ProblemSolutionHow It Works8-16. Merging Data (Inserting, Updating, and/or Deleting Values)ProblemSolutionHow It Works8-17. Inserting Output DataProblemSolutionHow It Works
Chapter 9: Working with Strings
9-1. Concatenating Multiple StringsProblem/+SolutionHow It Works9-2. Finding a Character’s ASCII ValueProblemSolutionHow It Works9-3. Returning Integer and Character Unicode ValuesProblemSolutionHow It Works9-4. Locating Characters in a StringProblemSolutionHow It Works9-5. Determining the Similarity of StringsProblemSolutionHow It Works9-6. Returning the Leftmost or Rightmost Portion of a StringProblemSolutionHow It Works9-7. Returning Part of a StringProblemSolutionHow It Works9-8. Counting Characters or Bytes in a StringProblemSolutionHow It Works9-9. Replacing Part of a StringProblemSolutionHow It Works9-10. Stuffing a String into a StringProblemSolutionHow It Works9-11. Changing Between Lowercase and UppercaseProblemSolutionHow It Works9-12. Removing Leading and Trailing BlanksProblemSolutionHow It Works9-13. Repeating an Expression N TimesProblemSolutionHow It Works9-14. Repeating a Blank Space N TimesProblemSolutionHow It Works9-15. Reversing the Order of Characters in a StringProblemSolutionHow It Works
Chapter 10: Working with Dates and Times
10-1. Returning the Current Date and TimeProblemSolutionHow It Works10-2. Converting Between Time ZonesProblemSolutionHow It Works10-3. Converting a Date/Time Value to a Datetimeoffset ValueProblemSolutionHow It Works10-4. Incrementing or Decrementing a Date’s ValueProblemSolutionHow It Works10-5. Finding the Difference Between Two DatesProblemSolutionHow It Works10-6. Finding the Elapsed Time Between Two DatesProblemSolutionHow It Works10-7. Displaying the String Value for Part of a DateProblemSolutionHow It Works10-8. Displaying the Integer Representations for Parts of a DateProblemSolutionHow It Works10-9. Determining Whether a String Is a Valid DateProblemSolutionHow It Works10-10. Determining the Last Day of the MonthProblemSolutionHow It Works10-11. Creating a Date from NumbersProblemSolutionHow It Works10-12. Finding the Beginning Date of a DatepartProblemSolution #1Solution #2Solution #3How It Works #1How It Works #2How It Works #310-13. Include Missing DatesProblemSolutionHow It Works10-14. Finding Arbitrary DatesProblemSolutionHow It Works10-15. Querying for IntervalsProblemSolutionHow It Works10-16. Working with Dates and Times Across National BoundariesProblemSolutionHow It Works
Chapter 11: Working with Numbers
11-1. Representing IntegersProblemSolutionHow It Works11-2. Creating Single-Bit IntegersProblemSolutionHow It Works11-3. Representing Decimal and Monetary AmountsProblemSolutionHow It Works11-4. Representing Floating-Point ValuesProblemSolutionHow It Works11-5. Writing Mathematical ExpressionsProblemSolutionHow It Works11-6. Casting Between Data TypesProblemSolutionHow It Works11-7. Converting Numbers to TextProblemSolutionHow It Works11-8. Converting from Text to a NumberProblemSolutionHow It Works11-9. RoundingProblemSolutionHow It Works11-10. Rounding Always Up or DownProblemSolutionHow It Works11-11. Discarding Decimal PlacesProblemSolutionHow It Works11-12. Testing Equality of Binary Floating-Point ValuesProblemSolutionHow It Works11-13. Treating Nulls as ZerosProblemSolutionHow It Works11-14. Generating a Row Set of Sequential NumbersProblemSolutionHow It Works11-15. Generating Random Integers in a Row SetProblemSolutionHow It Works11-16. Reducing Space Used by Decimal StorageProblemSolutionHow It Works
Chapter 12: Transactions, Locking, Blocking, and Deadlocking
Transaction Control12-1. Using Explicit TransactionsProblemSolutionHow It Works12-2. Displaying the Oldest Active TransactionProblemSolutionHow It Works12-3. Querying Transaction Information by SessionProblemSolutionHow It WorksLocking12-4. Viewing Lock ActivityProblemSolutionHow It Works12-5. Controlling a Table’s Lock-Escalation BehaviorProblemSolutionHow It WorksTransaction, Locking, and Concurrency12-6. Configuring a Session’s Transaction-Locking BehaviorProblemSolutionHow It WorksBlocking12-7. Identifying and Resolving Blocking IssuesProblemSolutionHow It Works12-8. Configuring How Long a Statement Will Wait for a Lock to Be ReleasedProblemSolutionHow It WorksDeadlocking12-9. Identifying Deadlocks with a Trace FlagProblemSolutionHow It Works12-10. Identifying Deadlocks with Extended EventsProblemSolutionHow It Works12-11. Setting Deadlock PriorityProblemSolutionHow It Works
Chapter 13: Managing Tables
13-1. Creating a TableProblemSolutionHow It Works13-2. Adding a ColumnProblemSolutionHow It Works13-3. Adding a Column that Requires DataProblemSolutionHow It Works13-4. Changing a ColumnProblemSolutionHow It Works13-5. Creating a Computed ColumnProblemSolutionHow It Works13-6. Removing a ColumnProblemSolutionHow It Works13-7. Removing a TableProblemSolutionHow It Works13-8. Reporting on a Table’s DefinitionProblemSolutionHow It Works13-9. Reducing Storage Used by NULL ColumnsProblemSolutionHow It Works13-10. Adding a Constraint to a TableProblemSolutionHow It Works13-11. Creating a Recursive Foreign KeyProblemSolutionHow It Works13-12. Allowing Data Modifications to Foreign Key Columns in the Referenced Table to Be Reflected in the Referencing TableProblemSolutionHow It Works13-13. Specifying Default Values for a ColumnProblemSolutionHow It Works13-14. Validating Data as It Is Entered into a ColumnProblemSolutionHow It Works13-15. Temporarily Turning Off a ConstraintProblemSolutionHow It Works13-16. Removing a ConstraintProblemSolutionHow It Works13-17. Creating Auto-incrementing ColumnsProblemSolutionHow It Works13-18. Obtaining the Identity Value UsedProblemSolutionHow It Works13-19. Viewing or Changing the Seed Settings on an Identity ColumnProblemSolutionHow It Works13-20. Inserting Values into an Identity ColumnProblemSolutionHow It Works13-21. Automatically Inserting Unique ValuesProblemSolutionHow It Works13-22. Using Unique Identifiers Across Multiple TablesProblemSolutionHow It Works13-23. Using Temporary StorageProblemSolution #1Solution #2How It Works
Chapter 14: Managing Views
Regular Views14-1. Creating a ViewProblemSolutionHow It Works14-2. Querying a View’s DefinitionProblemSolutionHow It Works14-3. Obtaining a List of All Views in a DatabaseProblemSolutionHow It Works14-4. Obtaining a List of All Columns in a ViewProblemSolutionHow It Works14-5. Refreshing the Definition of a ViewProblemSolutionHow It Works14-6. Modifying a ViewProblemSolutionHow It Works14-7. Modifying Data Through a ViewProblemSolutionHow It Works14-8. Encrypting a ViewProblemSolutionHow It Works14-9. Indexing a ViewProblemSolutionHow It Works14-10. Creating a Partitioned ViewProblemSolutionHow It Works14-11. Creating a Distributed-Partitioned ViewProblemSolutionHow It Works
Chapter 15: Managing Large Tables and Databases
15-1. Partitioning a TableProblemSolutionHow It Works15-2. Locating Data in a PartitionProblemSolutionHow It Works15-3. Adding a PartitionProblemSolutionHow It Works15-4. Removing a PartitionProblemSolutionHow It Works15-5. Determining Whether a Table Is PartitionedProblemSolutionHow It Works15-6. Determining the Boundary Values for a Partitioned TableProblemSolutionHow It Works15-7. Determining the Partitioning Column for a Partitioned TableProblemSolutionHow It Works15-8. Determining the NEXT USED PartitionProblemSolutionHow It Works15-9. Moving a Partition to a Different Partitioned TableProblemSolutionHow It Works15-10. Moving Data from a Nonpartitioned Table to a Partition in a Partitioned TableProblemSolutionHow It Works15-11. Moving a Partition from a Partitioned Table to a Nonpartitioned TableProblemSolutionHow It Works15-12. Reducing Table Locks on Partitioned TablesProblemSolutionHow It Works15-13. Removing Partition Functions and SchemesProblemSolutionHow It Works15-14. Easing VLDB Manageability (with Filegroups)ProblemSolutionHow It Works15-15. Compressing Table DataProblemSolutionHow It Works15-16. Rebuilding a HeapProblemSolutionHow It Works
Chapter 16: Managing Indexes
Index Overview16-1. Creating a Table IndexProblemSolutionHow It Works16-2. Creating a Table IndexProblemSolution #1How It WorksSolution #2How It Works16-3. Enforcing Uniqueness on Non-key ColumnsProblemSolutionHow It Works16-4. Creating an Index on Multiple ColumnsProblemSolutionHow It Works16-5. Defining Index Column Sort DirectionProblemSolutionHow It Works16-6. Viewing Index MetadataProblemSolutionHow It Works16-7. Disabling an IndexProblemSolutionHow It Works16-8. Dropping IndexesProblemSolutionHow It Works16-9. Changing an Existing IndexProblemSolutionHow It WorksControlling Index Build Performance and Concurrency16-10. Sorting in TempdbProblemSolutionHow It Works16-11. Controlling Index Creation ParallelismProblemSolutionHow It Works16-12. User Table Access During Index CreationProblemSolutionHow It WorksIndex Options16-13. Using an Index INCLUDEProblemSolutionHow It Works16-14. Using PADINDEX and FILLFACTORProblemSolutionHow It Works16-15. Disabling Page and/or Row Index LockingProblemSolutionHow It WorksManaging Very Large Indexes16-16. Creating an Index on a FilegroupProblemSolutionHow It Works16-17. Implementing Index PartitioningProblemSolutionHow It Works16-18. Indexing a Subset of RowsProblemSolutionHow It Works16-19. Reducing Index SizeProblemSolutionHow It Works16-20. Further Reducing Index SizeProblemSolutionHow It Works
Chapter 17: Stored Procedures
17-1. Creating a Stored ProcedureProblemSolutionHow It Works17-2. Passing ParametersProblemSolutionHow It Works17-3. Making Parameters OptionalProblemSolutionHow It Works17-4. Making Early Parameters OptionalProblemSolutionHow It Works17-5. Returning OutputProblemSolutionHow It Works17-6. Modifying a Stored ProcedureProblemSolutionHow It Works17-7. Removing a Stored ProcedureProblemSolutionHow It Works17-8. Automatically Run a Stored Procedure at Start-UpProblemSolutionHow It Works17-9. Viewing a Stored Procedure’s DefinitionProblemSolutionHow It Works17-10. Documenting Stored ProceduresProblemSolutionHow It Works17-11. Determining the Current Nesting LevelProblemSolutionHow It Works17-12. Encrypting a Stored ProcedureProblemSolutionHow It Works17-13. Specifying a Security ContextProblemSolutionHow It Works17-14. Avoiding Cached Query PlansProblemSolutionHow It Works17-15. Flushing the Procedure CacheProblemSolutionHow It Works
Chapter 18: User-Defined Functions and Types
UDF Basics18-1. Creating Scalar FunctionsProblemSolutionHow It Works18-2. Creating Inline FunctionsProblemSolutionHow It Works18-3. Creating Multi-Statement User-Defined FunctionsProblemSolutionHow It Works18-4. Modifying User-Defined FunctionsProblemSolutionHow It Works18-5. Viewing UDF MetadataProblemSolutionHow It WorksBenefitting from UDFs18-6. Maintaining Reusable CodeProblemSolutionHow It Works18-7. Cross-Referencing Natural Key ValuesProblemSolutionHow It Works18-8. Replacing a View with a FunctionProblemSolutionHow It Works18-9. Dropping a FunctionProblemSolutionHow It WorksUDT Basics18-10. Creating and Using User-Defined TypesProblemSolutionHow It Works18-11. Identifying Dependencies on User-Defined TypesProblemSolutionHow It Works18-12. Passing Table-Valued ParametersProblemSolutionHow It Works18-13. Dropping User-Defined TypesProblemSolutionHow It Works
Chapter 19: In-Memory OLTP
19-1. Configuring a Database So That It Can Utilize In-Memory OLTPProblemSolution #1Solution #2How It Works19-2. Making a Memory-Optimized TableProblemSolutionHow It Works19-3. Creating a Memory-Optimized Table VariableProblemSolutionHow It Works19-4. Creating a Natively Compiled Stored ProcedureProblemSolutionHow It Works19-5. Determining Which Database Objects Are Configured to Use In-Memory OLTPProblemSolutionHow It Works19-6. Determining Which Objects Are Actively Using In-Memory OLTP on the ServerProblemSolutionHow It Works19-7. Detecting Performance Issues with Natively Compiled Stored Procedure ParametersProblemSolutionHow It Works19-8. Viewing CFP MetadataProblemSolutionHow It Works19-9. Disabling or Enabling Automatic MergingProblemSolutionHow It Works19-10. Manually Merging Checkpoint File PairsProblemSolutionHow It Works
Chapter 20: Triggers
20-1. Creating an AFTER DML TriggerProblemSolutionHow It Works20-2. Creating an INSTEAD OF DML TriggerProblemSolutionHow It Works20-3. Handling Transactions in TriggersProblemSolutionHow It Works20-4. Linking Trigger Execution to Modified ColumnsProblemSolutionHow It Works20-5. Viewing DML Trigger MetadataProblemSolutionHow It Works20-6. Creating a DDL TriggerProblemSolutionHow It Works20-7. Creating a Logon TriggerProblemSolutionHow It Works20-8. Viewing DDL Trigger MetadataProblemSolutionHow It Works20-9. Modifying a TriggerProblemSolutionHow It Works20-10. Enabling and Disabling a TriggerProblemSolutionHow It Works20-11. Nesting TriggersProblemSolutionHow It Works20-12. Controlling RecursionProblemSolutionHow It Works20-13. Specifying the Firing OrderProblemSolutionHow It Works20-14. Dropping a TriggerProblemSolutionHow It Works
Chapter 21: Error Handling
21-1. Handling Batch ErrorsProblemSolutionHow It Works21-2. What Are the Error Numbers and Messages Within SQL?ProblemSolutionHow It Works21-3. How Can I Implement Structured Error Handling in My Queries?ProblemSolutionHow It Works21-4. How Can I Use Structured Error Handling, but Still Return an Error?ProblemSolutionHow It Works21-5. Nested Error HandlingProblemSolutionHow It Works21-6. Throwing an ErrorProblemSolution #1: Use RAISERROR to throw an errorHow It WorksSolution #2: Use THROW to throw an errorHow It Works21-7. Creating a User-Defined ErrorProblemSolutionHow It Works21-8. Removing a User-Defined ErrorProblemSolutionHow It Works
Chapter 22: Query Performance Tuning
Query Performance TipsCapturing and Evaluating Query Performance22-1. Capturing Executing QueriesProblemSolution #1How It WorksSolution #2How It Works22-2. Viewing Estimated Query Execution PlansProblemSolutionHow It Works22-3. Viewing Execution Runtime InformationProblemSolutionHow It Works22-4. Viewing Statistics for Cached PlansProblemSolutionHow It Works22-5. Viewing Record Counts for Cached PlansProblemSolutionHow It Works22-6. Viewing Aggregated Performance Statistics Based on Query or Plan PatternsProblemSolutionHow It Works22-7. Identifying the Top BottleneckProblemSolutionHow It Works22-8. Identifying I/O Contention by Database and FileProblemSolutionHow It WorksMiscellaneous Techniques22-9. Parameterizing Ad Hoc QueriesProblemSolutionHow It Works22-10. Forcing the Use of a Query PlanProblemSolutionHow It Works22-11. Applying Hints Without Modifying a SQL StatementProblemSolutionHow It Works22-12. Creating Plan Guides from CacheProblemSolutionHow It Works22-13. Checking the Validity of a Plan GuideProblemSolutionHow It Works22-14. Parameterizing a Nonparameterized Query Using Plan GuidesProblemSolutionHow It Works22-15. Limiting Competing Query Resource ConsumptionProblemSolutionHow It Works
Chapter 23: Hints
23-1. Forcing a Join’s Execution ApproachProblemSolutionHow It Works23-2. Forcing a Statement RecompileProblemSolutionHow It Works23-3. Executing a Query Without LockingProblemSolution #1: The NOLOCK HintSolution #2: The Isolation LevelHow It Works23-4. Forcing an Index SeekProblemSolutionHow It Works23-5. Forcing an Index ScanProblemSolutionHow It Works23-6. Optimizing for First RowsProblemSolutionHow It Works23-7. Specifying Join OrderProblemSolutionHow It Works23-8. Forcing the Use of a Specific IndexProblemSolutionHow It Works23-9. Optimizing for Specific Parameter ValuesProblemSolutionHow It Works
Chapter 24: Index Tuning and Statistics
Index TuningIndex Maintenance24-1. Displaying Index FragmentationProblemSolutionHow It Works24-2. Rebuilding IndexesProblemSolutionHow It Works24-3. Defragmenting IndexesProblemSolutionHow It Works24-4. Rebuilding a HeapProblemSolutionHow It Works24-5. Displaying Index UsageProblemSolutionHow It WorksStatistics24-6. Manually Creating StatisticsProblemSolutionHow It Works24-7. Creating Statistics on a Subset of RowsProblemSolutionHow It Works24-8. Updating StatisticsProblemSolutionHow It Works24-9. Generating Statistics Across All TablesProblemSolutionHow It Works24-10. Updating Statistics Across All TablesProblemSolutionHow It Works24-11. Viewing Statistics DetailsProblemSolutionHow It Works24-12. Removing StatisticsProblemSolutionHow It Works24-13. Finding When Stats Need to Be CreatedProblemSolutionHow It Works
Chapter 25: XML
25-1. Creating an XML ColumnProblemSolutionHow It Works25-2. Inserting XML DataProblemSolutionHow It Works25-3. Validating XML DataProblemSolutionHow It Works25-4. Verifying the Existence of XML Schema CollectionsProblemSolutionHow It Works25-5. Retrieving XML DataProblemSolutionHow It Works25-6. Modifying XML DataProblemSolutionHow It Works25-7. Indexing XML DataProblemSolutionHow It Works25-8. Formatting Relational Data as XMLProblemSolutionHow It Works25-9. Formatting XML Data as RelationalProblemSolutionHow It Works25-10. Using XML to Return a Delimited StringProblemSolutionHow It Works
Chapter 26: Files, Filegroups, and Integrity
26-1. Adding a Data File or a Log FileProblemSolutionHow It Works26-2. Retrieving Information about the Files in a DatabaseProblemSolutionHow It Works26-3. Removing a Data File or a Log FileProblemSolutionHow It Works26-4. Relocating a Data File or a Log FileProblemSolutionHow It Works26-5. Changing a File’s Logical NameProblemSolutionHow It Works26-6. Increasing the Size of a Database FileProblemSolutionHow It Works26-7. Adding a FilegroupProblemSolutionHow It Works26-8. Adding a File to a FilegroupProblemSolutionHow It Works26-9. Setting the Default FilegroupProblemSolutionHow It Works26-10. Adding Data to a Specific FilegroupProblemSolutionHow It Works26-11. Moving Data to a Different FilegroupProblemSolution #1Solution #2Solution #3How It Works26-12. Removing a FilegroupProblemSolutionHow It Works26-13. Making a Database or a Filegroup Read-OnlyProblem #1Problem #2Solution #1Solution #2How It Works26-14. Viewing Database Space UsageProblemSolution #1Solution #2Solution #3Solution #4How It Works26-15. Shrinking the Database or a Database FileProblemSolution #1Solution #2How It Works26-16. Checking the Consistency of Allocation StructuresProblemSolutionHow It Works26-17. Checking Allocation and Structural IntegrityProblemSolutionHow It Works26-18. Checking the Integrity of Tables in a FilegroupProblemSolutionHow It Works26-19. Checking the Integrity of Specific Tables and Indexed ViewsProblemSolution #1Solution #2Solution #3How It Works26-20. Checking Constraint IntegrityProblemSolutionHow It Works26-21. Checking System Table ConsistencyProblemSolutionHow It Works
Chapter 27: Backup
27-1. Backing Up a DatabaseProblemSolutionHow It Works27-2. Compressing a BackupProblemSolutionHow It Works27-3. Ensuring That a Backup Can Be RestoredProblemSolutionHow It Works27-4. Transaction Log BackupProblemSolutionHow It Works27-5. Understanding Why the Transaction Log Continues to GrowProblemSolutionHow It Works27-6. Performing a Differential BackupProblemSolutionHow It Works27-7. Backing Up a Single Row or TableProblemSolutionHow It Works27-8. Creating a Database SnapshotProblemSolutionHow It Works27-9. Backing Up Data Files or FilegroupsProblemSolution #1: Perform a File BackupSolution #2: Perform a Filegroup BackupHow It Works27-10. Mirroring Backup FilesProblemSolutionHow It Works27-11. Backing Up a Database Without Affecting the Normal Sequence of BackupsProblemSolutionHow It Works27-12. Querying Backup DataProblemSolutionHow It Works27-13. Encrypting a BackupProblemSolutionHow It Works27-14. Compressing an Encrypted BackupProblemSolutionHow It Works27-15. Backing Up CertificatesProblemSolutionHow It Works27-16. Backing Up to AzureProblemSolutionHow It Works27-17. Backing Up to Multiple FilesProblemSolutionHow It Works
Chapter 28: Recovery
28-1. Restoring a Database from a Full BackupProblemSolutionHow It Works28-2. Restoring a Database from a Transaction Log BackupProblemSolutionHow It Works28-3. Restoring a Database from a Differential BackupProblemSolutionHow It Works28-4. Restoring a File or FilegroupProblemSolutionHow It Works28-5. Performing a Piecemeal (PARTIAL) RestoreProblemSolutionHow It Works28-6. Restoring a PageProblemSolutionHow It Works28-7. Identifying Databases with Multiple Recovery PathsProblemSolutionHow It Works28-8. Restore a Single Row or TableProblemSolution #1: Restore Rows from a BackupHow It WorksSolution #2: Restore Rows from a Database SnapshotHow It Works28-9. Recover from a Backup in Azure Blob StorageProblemSolutionHow It Works28-10. Recover a CertificateProblemSolutionHow It Works
Chapter 29: Principals and Users
Windows Principals29-1. Creating a Windows LoginProblemSolutionHow It Works29-2. Viewing Windows LoginsProblemSolutionHow It Works29-3. Altering a Windows LoginProblemSolutionHow It Works29-4. Dropping a Windows LoginProblemSolutionHow It Works29-5. Denying SQL Server Access to a Windows User or GroupProblemSolutionHow It WorksSQL Server Principals29-6. Creating a SQL Server LoginProblemSolutionHow It Works29-7. Viewing SQL Server LoginsProblemSolutionHow It Works29-8. Altering a SQL Server LoginProblemSolutionHow It Works29-9. Managing a Login’s PasswordProblemSolutionHow It Works29-10. Dropping a SQL LoginProblemSolutionHow It Works29-11. Managing Server Role MembersProblemSolutionHow It Works29-12. Reporting Fixed Server Role InformationProblemSolutionHow It WorksDatabase Principals29-13. Creating Database UsersProblemSolutionHow It Works29-14. Reporting Database User InformationProblemSolutionHow It Works29-15. Modifying a Database UserProblemSolutionHow It Works29-16. Removing a Database User from the DatabaseProblemSolutionHow It Works29-17. Fixing Orphaned Database UsersProblemSolutionHow It Works29-18. Reporting Fixed Database Roles InformationProblemSolutionHow It Works29-19. Managing Fixed Database Role MembershipProblemSolutionHow It Works29-20. Managing User-Defined Database RolesProblemSolutionHow It Works29-21. Managing Application RolesProblemSolutionHow It Works29-22. Managing User-Defined Server RolesProblemSolutionHow It Works
Chapter 30: Securables, Permissions, and Auditing
Permissions Overview30-1. Reporting SQL Server Assignable PermissionsProblemSolutionHow It WorksServer-Scoped Securables and Permissions30-2. Managing Server PermissionsProblemSolutionHow It Works30-3. Querying Server-Level PermissionsProblemSolutionHow It WorksDatabase-Scoped Securables and Permissions30-4. Managing Database PermissionsProblemSolutionHow It Works30-5. Querying Database PermissionsProblemSolutionHow It WorksSchema-Scoped Securables and Permissions30-6. Managing SchemasProblemSolutionHow It Works30-7. Managing Schema PermissionsProblemSolutionHow It WorksObject Permissions30-8. Managing Object PermissionsProblemSolutionHow It WorksManaging Permissions Across Securable Scopes30-9. Determining Permissions to a SecurableProblemSolutionHow It Works30-10. Reporting Permissions by Securable ScopeProblemSolutionHow It Works30-11. Changing Securable OwnershipProblemSolutionHow It Works30-12. Allowing Access to Non-SQL Server ResourcesProblemSolutionHow It WorksAuditing Activity of Principals Against Securables30-13. Defining Audit Data SourcesProblemSolutionHow It Works30-14. Capturing SQL Instance–Scoped EventsProblemSolutionHow It Works30-15. Capturing Database-Scoped EventsProblemSolutionHow It Works30-16. Querying Captured Audit DataProblemSolutionHow It Works30-17. Managing, Modifying, and Removing Audit ObjectsProblemSolutionHow It Works
Chapter 31: Objects and Dependencies
31-1. Changing the Name of Database ItemsProblemSolutionHow It Works31-2. Changing an Object’s SchemaProblemSolutionHow It Works31-3. Identifying Object DependenciesProblemSolutionHow It Works31-4. Identifying Referencing and Referenced EntitiesProblemSolutionHow It Works31-5. Viewing the Definition of Coded ObjectsProblemSolution #1Solution #2How It Works31-6. Returning a Database Object’s Name, Schema Name, and Object IDProblemSolution #1Solution #2How It Works
Index

Content preview from SQL Server T-SQL Recipes, Fourth Edition

CHAPTER 5

Aggregations and Grouping

by Wayne Sheffield

Aggregate functions are used to perform a calculation on one or more values, and the result is a single value. If your query has any columns with nonwindowed aggregate functions, then a GROUP BY clause is required for the query. Table 5-1 shows the various aggregate functions.

Table 5-1. Aggregate Functions

Function Name	Description
AVG	The AVG aggregate function calculates the average of non-NULL values in a group.
CHECKSUM_AGG	The CHECKSUM_AGG function returns a checksum value based on a group of rows, allowing you to potentially track changes to a table. For example, adding a new row ...

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