Introduction
In the startup world, you're either a genius or an idiot. You're never just an ordinary guy trying to get through the day.
Marc Andreessen, co-founder, Andreessen Horowitz
For every Facebook, WhatsApp, or Airbnb, a staggering number of startups don't make it. If we define “making it” as mere survival, rather than reaching the soaring heights of a Facebook or Airbnb, the numbers are still sobering. For example, up to 20% of startups don't survive the first year alone.1,2 Up to 50% are no longer alive by year 5, and up to 90% ultimately fail.3,4,5 If we define “making it” as achieving the level of success of a Facebook or Airbnb, the number of startups that don't make it grows dramatically. Consider, for instance, how many Facebooks emerge out of more than 6 million entrepreneurs that start a new business in the United States every year.6 Or consider that top venture capitalists, whose specialist job is identifying and backing the most promising companies, only invest in about 20 of every 3,000 startups they evaluate.7 And consider that out of these 20, only one or two ultimately earn the majority of the money that venture capital firms earn in return.8 Irrespective of the definition of success used, the startups that make it often do so against the odds. There is a proliferation of often conflicting opinions on why this is the case; and a number of researchers and practitioners have identified different challenges, dilemmas, and pitfalls faced by startups. Melissa ...
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