4.4 Joint, Marginal, and Conditional Probability
Suppose 
with 
for all 
. Let us cross-classify the points or simple events in S by forming a row partition 
and a column partition 
as indicated in Fig. 4.7. Here 
is the number of simple events in row 
and column j, with 
We can now define the following probabilities:
a. Joint Probability: Considers the probability of the simultaneous occurrence of two events, that is,
b. Marginal Probability: Used whenever one or more criteria of classification are ignored (we can ignore either the row or column partition), that is,
c. Conditional Probability ...
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