May 2012
Intermediate to advanced
485 pages
10h 45m
English
In practice, the failure of long columns have been observed essentially due to buckling. The following four end conditions have to be adopted in practice (Figure 11.4).
Fig. 11.4 Sign conventions.
The deflection is zero for hinged end.
The deflection and slope are zero for fixed end.
The following sign conventions for the bending of the columns will be adopted.
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