March 2025
Intermediate to advanced
270 pages
7h 17m
Italian
Content preview from Strumenti Python ipermoderni
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Capitolo 10. Utilizzo dei tipi per la sicurezzae l'ispezione
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Cos'è un tipo? In prima approssimazione, diciamo che il tipo di una variabile specifica il tipo di valori che puoi assegnarle, ad esempio numeri interi o liste di stringhe. Quando Guido van Rossum creò Python, i linguaggi di programmazione più diffusi si dividevano in due campi per quanto riguarda i tipi: la tipizzazione statica e quella dinamica.
I linguaggia tipizzazione statica, come il C++, richiedono di dichiarare i tipi di variabili in anticipo (a meno che il compilatore non sia abbastanza intelligente da dedurli automaticamente). In cambio, i compilatori assicurano che una variabile contenga sempre e solo valori compatibili. Questo elimina intere classi di bug. Inoltre, consente l'ottimizzazione: i compilatori sanno quanto spazio serve alla variabile per memorizzare i suoi valori.
I linguaggia tipizzazione dinamica rompono con questo paradigma: ti permettono di assegnare qualsiasi valore a qualsiasi variabile. I linguaggi di scripting come JavaScript e Perl convertono addirittura i valori in modo implicito, ad esempio da stringhe a numeri. Questo accelera radicalmente il processo di scrittura del codice. Ma ti dà anche un maggior margine di manovra per darti la zappa sui piedi.
Python è un linguaggio tipizzato dinamicamente, ma ha scelto una via di mezzo tra i due campi opposti. ...
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