4.1. Design Using AND, OR, NOT, NAND AND NOR Gates4.2. Encoder, Decoder, Multiplexer, De-multiplexer4.3. Modular Design Using Integrated Circuit (IC) Chips4.4. Realisation of Boolean Function Using a Multiplexer4.5. Parity Bit Generator4.6. Code Converters4.7. Magnitude Comparators4.8. Adders and Subtractors4.9. Programmable Logic Devices4.10. Hazards and Hazard-free RealisationsSummaryKey WordsReview QuestionsProblems