Other Ways to Get Mac Software
In general, new programs arrive on your Mac via one of two avenues: as an Internet download (whether from the App Store or not), or on a CD or DVD.
Downloading Compressed Files
Programs you download from the Web (not the App Store) generally arrive in a specially encoded, compressed form. And unless you’ve changed the settings, they arrive in the Downloads folder on your Dock.
The downloaded file’s name usually has one of these file name extensions:
.zip is the standard compression file format for Windows and Mac files. In fact, Mac OS X has a built-in Compress command right in the File menu.
.sit indicates a StuffIt file, the standard Macintosh file-compression format of years gone by.
.dmg is a disk image, described below.
You may occasionally run into .tar files (tape archive, an ancient Unix utility), .gz (gzip, a standard Unix compression format), or combo formats like .tar.gz or .tgz.
Fortunately, your Web browser automatically unzips and unstuffs downloads of all types automatically.
Disk images (.dmg files)
Once you’ve downloaded a program, it often takes the form of a disk image file, whose name ends with the letters .dmg (second from the top in Figure 4-2).
Disk images are extremely common in Mac OS X. All you have to do is double-click the .dmg icon. After a moment, it magically turns into a disk icon on your desktop, which you can work with just as though it were a real disk (third from the top in Figure 4-2). For example:
Double-click it to open it. ...
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