book

The Global Impact of Open Data

by Andrew Young, Stefaan Verhulst

September 2016

Beginner to intermediate

200 pages

11h 36m

English

O'Reilly Media, Inc.

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IntroductionI. What Is Open Data?II. The Case StudiesMethodologyThe 19 CasesIII. What Is the Impact of Open Data on People’s Lives?Taxonomy of Open-Data ImpactIV. What Are the Enabling Conditions that Significantly Enhance the Impact of Open Data?V. What Are the Challenges to Open Data Making an Impact?The Eight Premises that Determine the Impact of Open DataVI. Recommendations: Toward a Next Generation Open-Data RoadmapRecommendation 1:Focus on and Define Key Problem Areas for Which Open Data Can Add ValueRecommendation 2:Encourage Collaborations Across Sectors (Especially Between Government, Private Sector, and Civil Society) to Better Match the Supply and Demand of Open DataRecommendation 3:Approach and Treat Data as a Form of Vital 21st-Century Public InfrastructureRecommendation 4:Create Clear Open-Data Policies That Are Measurable and Allow for Agile EvolutionRecommendation 5:Take Steps to Increase the Capacity of Public and Private Actors to Make Meaningful Use of Open DataRecommendation 6:Identify and Manage Risks Associated with the Release and Use of Open DataRecommendation 7:Be Responsive to the Needs, Demands, and Questions Generated from the Use of Open DataRecommendation 8:Allocate and Identify Adequate Resources to Sustain and Expand the Necessary Open-Data Infrastructure in a Participatory MannerRecommendation 9:Develop a Common Research Agenda to Move Toward Evidence-Based Open Data Policies and PracticesRecommendation 10:Keep InnovatingKey Remaining Questions
Context and BackgroundCorruption in BrazilOpen Data in BrazilProject Description and InceptionPortal DescriptionImpactTrafficPolicy Changes: Official Credit Card UsageLocal and Cross-Border DisseminationChanging Climate for CorruptionChallengesInteroperability and Data StandardsPrivacyScalingLooking Forward
Context and BackgroundProduct Description and InceptionUnderlying DataOpen FormatImpactIncreased Transparency and AccountabilityImproved Management EfficiencyEnabling Collaboration with BeneficiariesChallengesStructural ChallengesData PrivacyUsability and Citizen EngagementData LicensingLooking ForwardUsability and functionalityForward-Planning DataCollaboration with Other Partners
Context and BackgroundImpactIntended BeneficiariesEngagement and UseCorruption and Perceptions of CorruptionCitizen Awareness and OversightRegional DiffusionChallengesData QualityCost (and Perceptions of Cost)Enforcement and Accountability (The Human Factor)Looking ForwardCross-Sectoral Collaboration Around Data QualityTraining and Identification of Best PracticesMonitoring Compliance
Context and BackgroundCorruption in IndonesiaOpen Data and Indonesian ElectionsProject Description and InceptionImpactSettling the 2014 Election ResultsIncreased Trust and Greater Public ParticipationReduced PolarizationChallengesLegal ChangesSecurityReliability of InformationLasting Political ImpactLooking ForwardKawal APBDMata Massa (“Eye of the Masses”)Kawal Pilkada
Context and BackgroundProject Description and InceptionImpactDirect Financial BenefitsNonfinancial BenefitsBenefits to Developer CommunityThe Danish Basic Data ProgramChallengesData QualityGovernance of the Data ProjectLooking ForwardExpected Benefits of the Basic Data ProgramAddressing Capacity Issues

Context and BackgroundProject Description and InceptionImpactBenefits to CharitiesEnabling New Streams of ResearchCreating a New Business AssetFinancial Benefits for Government and Identification of Tax EvasionChallengesMismatch Between Expectations and RealityData Quality: Transcription and Reporting ErrorsDefinitional ChallengesShifting Government PrioritiesLooking ForwardImproving the Usability of the DataIT Support for NonprofitsNonprofit Data Collaboratives
Context and BackgroundProduct Description and InceptionImpactEngagement and useData Quality and DiversityImpact on Other Data ProjectsChallengesLack of Internet Penetration and UseFragmentationLooking ForwardImproving User Engagement through Expanded FunctionalityEducation of Infomediaries
Context and BackgroundCorruption in KenyaOpen Data and Technology in KenyaProject Description and InceptionData SourcesImpactSeeding the Notion of OpennessChallengesGovernment DevolutionData Quality and AvailabilityPublic Trust and ExpectationsLooking ForwardOpen County ProgramTracking Metrics of SuccessMaking the Platform More AccessibleExpansion to Other Countries
Context and BackgroundEducation in MexicoInformation and Open Data in MexicoProduct Description and InceptionProject DescriptionGet to Know Your School and Compare Your SchoolSchool GradesImpactImpact on BeneficiariesIncreased AccountabilityCorruption ReportChallengesStandardized Test CancellationData AccessibilityData QualityLooking ForwardConnecting Needs with ActionsPublishing a School BudgetDeveloping a Report PipelineTranslating Information into Action
Context and BackgroundProduct Description and InceptionImpactIntended BeneficiariesUse and Awareness:Data Quality:Impact on Other Open Data Projects:ChallengesTiming constraintsOutreach and communicationLooking Forward
Context and BackgroundOS BackgroundImportance of Geospatial DataOpen Data in the United KingdomProject Description and InceptionOS TodayOS OpenDataImpactEconomic ImpactOS MinecraftGeoVation ProgramOther ImpactsChallengesCostAddressing Open Data PrinciplesPrivate Sector CompetitionMeasuring Impact and User DemandsLooking ForwardEvolving GeoVation HubOS OpenData AdditionsLooking Beyond the U.K.Supporting Smart Cities
Context and BackgroundProject Description and InceptionUser-Centered Design and Partnering with Department of Small Business ServicesImpactLeveling the Playing Field for Market ResearchEnabling Business Improvement District (BID) AnalysisInfluencing Data Analytics Innovation in New York and AbroadChallengesCommunicating OpportunityAddressing Technical ChallengesImproving Granularity of DataLooking ForwardBusiness Atlas 2.0: New Tools and FeaturesPartnerships and Collaborations
Context and BackgroundProject Description and InceptionNOAA Partnerships31,32,33,34ImpactEconomic BenefitsChallengesScalingData SecurityUnderstanding User NeedsData Navigation and User ExperienceData AwarenessLooking Forward
Context and BackgroundGPS in Our Lives TodayEarly History of Satellite Navigation: SputnikEarly History of Satellite Navigation: TransitProject Description and InceptionThe Arrival of GPSWho Deserves the Credit?GPS TodayThe Nature of GPS DataHow GPS Became OpenContinuously Operating Reference Station (CORS)ImpactEconomic ImpactPrecise TimingSmartphones / Mobile NavigationPublic Safety and EmergenciesCORS ImpactsChallengesGovernance ChallengesFunding and U.S. PolicymakingPrivacy ConcernsGPS “Jamming” / Hacking / SecurityCORS ChallengesLooking ForwardPrecision FarmingIndoor NavigationIntelligent Transportation Systems and Driverless CarsTerrestrial BackupsEvolving the CORS System
Context and BackgroundOpen Data in Sierra LeoneThe 2014 Ebola OutbreakProject Description and InceptionUsing Data in Combating EbolaNational Ebola Response Centre (NERC)Humanitarian Data Exchange (HDX)The Ebola GeoNodeImpactProviding Evidence to Decision-makersThe Impact of MapsSpurring Wider Use of Open Data in International OrganizationsInternal Capacity Building and Identifying Best PracticesChallengesData ManagementCollaborating with GovernmentLack of Existing Structures and Best PracticeLooking ForwardHDX: Enabling New Insights into the Spread of EbolaNext Steps for GeoNodeThe Closure of NERC
Context and BackgroundOpen Data in New ZealandProject Description and InceptionCanterbury Recovery Map (Eq.org.nz)GIS and trusted data sharingLandcheck and MyPropertyForward Works ViewerBuilding Our FootprintsImpactHigher-Quality Geospatial DataFacilitating CollaborationImpact on Other Data ProjectsChallengesData Infrastructure ChallengesLack of a Property FrameworkCollaborations and Sharing ChallengesLooking ForwardAdvancing Data-Driven Innovation in New Zealand
Context and BackgroundDengue FeverDengue Fever in SingaporeOpen Data in SingaporeProject Description and InceptionImpactAverage CitizensMediaDeveloper CommunityChallengesLooking Forward
Context and BackgroundLegal Foundation of Campaign Finance Data Disclosure Laws in CaliforniaElectronic FilingPrivacy Concerns of Electronic FilingCalifornia’s Proposition 8Project Description and InceptionImpactHarassment of Proposition 8 DonorsThreats to Free SpeechActivism Around Gay RightsTransparency vs PrivacyChallengesLooking ForwardRaising the Itemized Disclosure ThresholdPlacing New Safeguards on Downloads of Donor InformationBetter Transparency About How Data Is Used by Political Campaigns and Other Actors
Context and BackgroundCase Description and InceptionImpactChallengesSecurity ConcernsAwareness and UsabilityData—the Human FactorLooking Forward
Open Data Definitions—What’s in a Name?

Content preview from The Global Impact of Open Data

Appendix A. Appendix

Open Data Definitions—What’s in a Name?

Open Definition (referenced by Open Data Handbook, ODI, Open Data Census, and OECD Open Data Analytical Framework): “Open data is data that can be freely used, reused, and redistributed by anyone—subject only, at most, to the requirement to attribute and share alike.”
The White House, 2013 OMB Memorandum: “Open data refers to publicly available data structured in a way that enables the data to be fully discoverable and usable by end users.”
Data.Gov.UK: “Open data is data that is published in an open format, is machine readable, and is published under a license that allows for free reuse.”
Dbpedia: A nucleus for a web of open data: “Open data is the idea that certain data should be freely available to everyone to use and republish as they wish, without restrictions from copyright, patents, or other mechanisms of control.”
Open Data Institute: “Open data is information that is available for anyone to use, for any purpose, at no cost. Open data has to have a license that says it is open data. Without a license, the data can’t be reused. These principles for open data are described in detail in the Open Definition.”
LinkedGov: “Open data is non-personally identifiable data produced in the course of an organization’s ordinary business, which has been released under an unrestricted license. Open public data is underpinned by the philosophy that data generated or collected by organizations in the public sector should belong to ...