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The Papal Arts of Peace and Civilization

Name: The Papal Arts of Peace and Civilization
Author: Maxim Baz
ISBN: 9783111632230

by Maxim Baz

March 2025

Intermediate to advanced

327 pages

13h 38m

English

De Gruyter

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Acknowledgments
List of Abbreviations
Tool Words
Preface
General Introduction
1 Not Pacifism
1.1 Early Christians’ Multifaceted Attitude toward War1.1.1 Pre-Constantinian Theologians1.1.2 Evidence of Christian Soldiers in the Roman Army1.1.3 Christian Soldiers Outside the Roman Empire1.2 Twentieth-Century Popes and the Rejection of Pacifism1.2.1 Leo XIII’s Awareness of Early Christians’ Diverse Moral Outlook1.2.2 Pius X’s Appraisal of the Edict of Milan1.2.3 Pius XII’s Just War Theology amid World War II1.2.4 Paul VI’s Nuanced Approach to Pacifism and War1.2.5 John Paul II: Rejecting Pacifism and Affirming Just War Doctrine1.2.6 Syntony Between Francis and His Twentieth-Century Predecessors on Self-Defense
2 War Avoidance (A)
2.1 Preempting Imminent Wars2.1.1 Pius X: Preempting the Great War2.1.2 Pius XI’s Appeals for the Upholding of Peace Throughout the Interwar Period2.1.3 Pius XII’s Last-Ditch Appeals to Avert WWII2.1.4 John XXIII’s Affirmation of Predecessors’ War Preemption Principle2.1.5 John Paul II’s Preemptive Appeals for Peace2.2 Mediation and Arbitration of Conflicts2.2.1 Leo XIII’s Diplomatic Success in International Disputes2.2.2 Pius X’s Pursuit of Peaceful Arbitration in Latin America2.2.3 Benedict XV’s Moral Stance on International Peace and Arbitration2.2.4 John XXIII: Facilitating the Defusal of the Cuban Missile Crisis2.2.5 Paul VI’s Commitment to War Avoidance Through Arbitration2.2.6 John Paul II’s Successful Mediation of the Beagle Conflict2.3 Observance of International Treaties2.3.1 Pius X’s Protest against France’s Violation of the Concordat2.3.2 Benedict XV’s Condemnation of the Violation of Belgian Neutrality2.3.3 Pius XI: Reichkonkordat and the Church as a Guarantor of International Law2.3.4 Pius XII’s Calls for Treaty Observance to Avert War2.3.5 John XXIII’s Reaffirmation of Pius XII’s Vision of International Law2.3.6 Paul VI and John Paul II’s Promotion of Pacta Sunt Servanda for War Avoidance2.4 Condemnation of Armed Peace2.4.1 Leo XIII, Pius X, and Benedict XV’s Condemnation of Armed Peace2.4.2 Pius XI: Disarmed Peace Toward the Unarmed King of Peace2.4.3 Pius XII and John XXIII: Fostering a Christological Peace2.4.4 Paul VI’s Vision of Global Peace and Non-Retaliation2.4.5 John Paul II: Reaffirming a Century of Papal Condemnation of Armed Peace
3 War Mitigation (M)
3.1 Halting or Mitigating Incipient Wars3.1.1 Leo XIII and Pius X: Halting or Attenuating the Savageness of War3.1.2 Benedict XV: “To Lessen the Calamities of War”3.1.3 Pius XII’s Bid to “Alleviate the Wounds” of War3.1.4 Paul VI’s Pursuit of Truces in Vietnam3.1.5 John Paul II: “To Mitigate the Traditional Ferocity of War”3.2 Observance of International Ius in Bello Treaties3.2.1 The Development of Ius in Bello before WWI3.2.2 The Application of Ius in Bello during WWI3.2.3 The Development of Ius in Bello Before and Its Application During WWII3.2.4 The Development of Ius in Bello after WWII3.3 Protection of the Innocent and Helpless from Systematic Extermination3.3.1 Condemnation of Obliteration Bombing3.3.2 Condemnation of Deportation, Famine, and Genocide3.3.3 Condemnation of Total Warfare3.4 Preparation for Postwar Peace3.4.1 Benedict XV and Ius post Bellum as Universal Condonement3.4.2 Pius XII and Ius post Bellum as Prosecution of War Crimes3.4.3 John Paul II and Paul VI: Ius post Bellum in Vietnam and Iraq
4 Preventive Pacification (P)
4.1 Promotion of Collective Global Security4.1.1 Leo XIII and Benedict XV: Budgetary Disarmament and International Organizations4.1.2 Pius XI: The Medieval Ideal of a Christian Commonwealth4.1.3 Pius XII: A Moral Comity of Nations4.1.4 Paul VI: Universal Public Authority4.1.5 John Paul II: Insufficiencies of the Current International Order4.2 Condemnation of Errors and Ideologies4.2.1 Leo XIII’s Condemnation of Materialism, Kulturkampf, Socialism, Secularism, and Reactionary Politics4.2.2 Pius X: Condemnation of Secularism4.2.3 Benedict XV: Condemnation of Materialism, Naturalism, and Socialism4.2.4 Pius XI: Condemnation of Racism, Nationalism, Antisemitism, Totalitarianism, Modernism, Secularism, and Materialism4.2.5 Pius XII: Condemnation of Moral Relativism, Naturalism, Materialism, and National Socialism4.2.6 John XXIII and Paul VI: Condemnation of Ideologies for Establishing Peace4.2.7 John Paul II: Condemnation of Communism, Capitalism, Nationalism, and Religious Fundamentalism4.3 Promotion of Brotherhood and Dialogue4.3.1 Leo XIII: The Brotherhood of Nations4.3.2 Benedict XV: Advancing Peace through Unity and Brotherhood4.3.3 Pius XI: Promotion of Christian and Universal Brotherhood4.3.4 John XXIII and Paul VI: Promoting Universal Brotherhood and Dialogue for Peace4.3.5 John Paul II: Universal Brotherhood, Interfaith and Political Dialogue for Peace4.4 Promotion of Christian Civilization4.4.1 Leo XIII: A Renewed Christian Civilization for the Promotion of Global Peace4.4.2 Pius X: The Restoration of Christian Civilization for Preventive Pacification4.4.3 Benedict XV: The Inception of a Christian Civilization4.4.4 Pius XI: Promoting Christian Civilization through the Social Reign of Christ the King4.4.5 Pius XII’s Vision for a Christian Civilization4.4.6 John XXIII: Promotion of Truth, Justice, and Freedom for the Good4.4.7 Paul VI: Friendship, Love, and International Governance4.4.8 John Paul II: Reaffirming Papal Teachings toward a Civilization of Love
General Conclusion
Bibliography
Subject Index

Person Index

Content preview from The Papal Arts of Peace and Civilization

Person Index

A

Aaron, High Priest 1
Adenauer, Konrad H.J. 1, 2
Adrian II, Pope 1
Adrian IV, Pope 1
Alexander VI, Pope 1
Altstötter, Josef 1
Ambrose of Milan, St., Dr. Eccl., Church Father 1, 2, 3, 4
Anscombe, Gertrude E.M. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Aquinas See Thomas Aquinas OP, St., Dr. Eccl. 1
Arendt, Hannah 1, 2, 3
Aristotle 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Arjuna, from the Hindu Mahābhārata 1
Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal 1
Athenagoras I of Constantinople, Patr. 1
Augustine of Hippo, St., Dr. Eccl., Church Father 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27

B

Bacon, Francis 1
Bellarmine, Robert, SJ, Card. St., Dr. Eccl. 1
Benanti, Paolo, TOR 1
Benedict XIV, Pope 1
Benedict XV, Pope 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11

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The Papal Arts of Peace and Civilization

by Maxim Baz

Person Index

A

B

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