
3
The Second and Third Laws
Soon after the first law, it became clear that while the first law, seen by many as
a manifestation of the conservation law for energy when thermal phenomena were
taken into account, while by some others like Sommerfeld [64] and Planck [57] as
an axiomatic law recognizing new forms of energy to which an extended form of
the conservation law can be applied, it still could not account for all facts of expe-
rience. For example, while first law could quantitatively forecast the amount of heat
necessary to convert 1 gm of water at its boiling point to 1 gm of steam at the same
temperature, it can not explain why 1 gm of steam does ...