File descriptorsWhat do these file descriptors reference?Input and output redirection (or, playing with file descriptors for fun and profit)Input redirection: <Output redirection: >Use >> to append output without overwritingError redirection with 2>Connecting commands together with pipes (|)Multi-pipe commandsReading (and building) complex multi-pipe commandsThe CLI tools you need to knowcutsortuniqCountingwcheadtailteeawksedPractical pipe patterns“Top X”, with countcurl | bashSecurity considerations for curl | sudo | bashFiltering and searching with grepgrep and tail for log monitoringfind and xargs for bulk file operationssort, uniq, and reverse numerical sort for data analysisawk and sort for reformatting data and field-based processingsed and tee for editing and backupps, grep, awk, xargs, and kill for process managementtar and gzip for backup and compressionAdvanced: inspecting file descriptorsConclusion