From Waveforms to Spectrograms:
Understanding the Structure of Audio DataAudio as a WaveformSampling Rate and the Nyquist TheoremAmplitude, Bit Depth, and QuantizationThe Frequency Domain and Fourier TransformSpectrograms and the Short-Time Fourier TransformThe Mel Spectrogram and Perceptual ScalingPhase, Reconstruction, and VocodersAudio Modeling in Various Application DomainsTransformer Architectures for Audio:
From Perception to Foundational IntelligenceThe Rise of Speech Transformers: The Impact of WhisperAudio Foundation Models: Unifying Understanding,
Generation, and ConversationQwen2-AudioTranscribing a Meeting with Kimi-AudioSegment Anything in AudioBeyond Text and Speech: Transformers as Music ComposersConclusion