Unix in a Nutshell, 4th Edition

Appendix A. ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1) Character Set

This appendix presents the set of ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1) characters, along with their equivalent values in decimal, octal, and hexadecimal. This character set suffices for English and languages that can be written using just the English alphabet, plus the major Western European languages. The lower half of this set of characters is identical to traditional ASCII . Table A-1 shows nonprinting characters; it’s useful when you need to represent nonprinting characters in some printed form, such as octal. For example, the echo and tr commands let you specify characters using octal values of the form \nnn. Also, the od command can display nonprinting characters in a variety of forms.

Table A-2 shows printing characters. This table is useful when using the previous commands, but also when specifying a range of characters in a pattern-matching construct. The characters from decimal 128–159 are not used in Latin-1.

Table A-1. Nonprinting characters

Decimal	Octal	Hex	Character	Remark
0	000	00	CTRL-@	NUL (Null prompt)
1	001	01	CTRL-A	SOH (Start of heading)
2	002	02	CTRL-B	STX (Start of text)
3	003	03	CTRL-C	ETX (End of text)
4	004	04	CTRL-D	EOT (End of transmission)
5	005	05	CTRL-E	ENQ (Enquiry)
6	006	06	CTRL-F	ACK (Acknowledge)
7	007	07	CTRL-G	BEL (Bell)
8	010	08	CTRL-H	BS (Backspace)
9	011	09	CTRL-I	HT (Horizontal tab)
10	012	0A	CTRL-J	LF (Linefeed)
11	013	0B	CTRL-K	VT (Vertical tab) ...