April 2013
Beginner to intermediate
368 pages
6h 45m
Chinese
Content preview from VMWARE錦囊妙計第二版
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一般安全性（General Security）
|
235
6.15 使用 sudo
問題
僅適用於 ESXi 3.5/4.x — 您有許多使用者於您的伺服器上作業，您希望去追蹤一些活動
資訊。
解決方案
使用
sudo
，您可以安全且有效率的提供使用者執行某些預先定義的 root 命令，並且有
著完整的稽核追蹤。
討論
sudo
命令允許使用者執行在
/etc/sudoers
文件中指定的命令，使用這個機制，您可以允
許正常的非
root
使用者去執行必要的命令，以管理您的 ESX 伺服器，無需給他們直接
或是完整的
root
存取權限。
執行一個受限的命令或者試圖執行任何僅限於
root
使用者才能執行的任何動作，授權使
用者必須將
sudo
置於命令之前。使用者第一次使用這個命令會被要求輸入他的使用者
的密碼，在預設的情況，如果他 / 她在逾時五分鐘後嘗試執行另外一個受限程式，
sudo
將再次自動詢問使用者的密碼。您可以加入變數到
/etc/sudoers
文件，以修改這個設定
（其中
XX
數值代表分鐘）：
timestamp_timeout
XX
預設 ESX 伺服器將使用
syslog
以維護
sudo
的日誌，您可以透過這個檔案去追蹤使用
者，所有成功或是失敗的
sudo
命令嘗試都會被記錄於此。然而，如果您希望這些訊
息儲存到別的地方，您可以在
sudo
配置文件下指定一個日誌儲存位置，透過編輯
/etc/
sudoers
文件，加入這一行：
Default logfile=/var/log/sudo.log
使用
sudo
之前，您需要配置
/etc/sudoers ...
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I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.