Foreword

“May you live in interesting times,” goes the old half-curse. And I don’t know about you, but it feels like the web is perpetually stuck in interesting times. We’re designing for an ever-expanding number of mobile devices, each one more powerful than most laptops I’ve owned throughout my career. But we’re also designing for a web that travels over the aging infrastructure of developed economies, as well as to cheaper, low-powered mobile devices in younger, emerging markets.

In other words, the web is more broadly accessed today than ever before—but over a network that’s far more fragile than we might like to think. Once a user requests one of our web pages, any number of things can fail. Maybe a connection drops, or a network’s latency ...

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