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Web Standards:Mastering HTML5, CSS3, and XML, Second Edition

by Leslie F. Sikos

December 2014

Intermediate to advanced

524 pages

14h 55m

English

Apress

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The Basic ConceptsThe Role of StandardizationThe Cost of Nonstandardized MarkupBenefits of Standard-Compliant MarkupDevelopment and Announcement of StandardsW3CWHATWGERCIMIETFEcma InternationalUnicode ConsortiumDCMIIANAOASISISOStandards Promotion and DistributionGroups and AssociationsStaying Informed: Events and CoursesResourcesTypes, Stages, and Status of StandardsThe Variety of Rendering EnginesTridentGeckoKHTMLWebKitPrestoBlinkAmayaTesting the Standard Support of BrowsersStandard Compliance TestsComprehensive TestsStandards vs. Quirks Modes, DOCTYPE SwitchingProblem StatementLimited Standards Support in Machine-Generated CodeMajor ConcernsBad PracticesLack of SupportUnconcernInfluential SitesVisual Appeal Over FunctionalityWell-FormednessInteroperabilityEliminated Version TargetingBackward CompatibilityForward CompatibilityFunctionalityDevice IndependenceSeparating Content from PresentationUsabilityReliable LayoutCode OptimalitySummaryReferences

The Importance of Character EncodingUnicodeCharacters That Should Be Avoided In the MarkupFormatting Characters Suitable Also for MarkupSpecial CharactersNFC Normalization Is RecommendedUnicode Should Be PreferredDeclaring Character Encoding for the MarkupEncoding Declaration in the HTTP HeaderIn-Document DeclarationsDeclaring Character Encoding for CSSHTTP Header DeclarationsIn-Document DeclarationsEscape Codes, Special Characters, and SymbolsNumeric ReferencesEntity ReferencesChecking I18NSummaryReferences
SGML LanguagesHTMLXML LanguagesXHTMLVersion OverviewHTML Versions and VariantsXHTML Versions and VariantsHTML5(X)HTML 5.1, (X)HTML 5.2, and BeyondMarkup SyntaxesThe HTML SyntaxThe XHTML Syntax and RestrictionsData TypesMarkup ElementsBlock vs. Inline ElementsAttributesGlobal AttributesEvent HandlersHTML Document StructureNew Semantic Structuring Elements In HTML5Document Type DeclarationXHTML Document StructureMoving from HTML to XHTMLSpecific Markup LanguagesSVGMathMLCombinations, Profiles, and Mixed-Namespace Documents(X)HTML+RDFaXHTML-PrintXHTML + MathML + SVGChoosing a Markup LanguageThe Benefits of XHTML 1.x over HTML 4.xThe Benefits of HTML5 over HTML 4.x and XHTMLHAML: Markup PreprocessingAlternatives to Web MarkupSummaryReferences
The HTTP HeaderInternet Media Types (MIME)Common Media TypesServing XHTMLServing XHTML as HTMLServing XHTML as XMLURIs, URLs, and URNsPersistent URIsSummaryReferences
Cascading Style SheetsLevels, Profiles, and ModulesGrammar and ConventionsImplementationDisplay and VisibilityCascadingInheritanceScopes and StructureThe Box ModelOverview of CSS PropertiesInitial Property ValuesDefault Styles of Rendering EnginesXSLXSLT Style SheetsCombining CSS and XSLCSS PreprocessingSassLESSStylusSummaryReferences
Client-Server ArchitecturesScripting and Standards ImplementationClient-Side DevelopmentAjaxFlexHTML5 APIsJava AppletsECMAScript, JavaScript, and jQuerySilverlightServer-Side DevelopmentColdFusionJavaThe .NET FrameworkPerlPHPPythonRubySSJSCombinations of Client-Side and Server-Side TechnologiesDatabase TechnologiesAlternate Content and Fallback Mechanism for ScriptsSummaryReferences
The Semantic WebStructured DataSemantic AnnotationsThe meta TagsMicroformatsHTML5 MicrodataKnowledge Organization Systems: Schemas, Vocabularies, and OntologiesFOAFDOACDublin CoreKnowledge Representation StandardsResource Description Framework (RDF)Web Ontology Language (OWL)Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS)Combining MetadataCombining Vocabularies in RDFMicrodata and MicroformatsDublin Core and vCard in RDFDublin Core, vCard, and Math-NetDC, IMS, and ODRLSpecial ApplicationsImage Metadata and XMPMetadata for YouTube VideosMetadata in SEOSummaryReferences
News FeedsReally Simple SyndicationCreating an RSS FileRequired ElementsOptional ElementsSubelements of the item ElementNamespacesStyling RSS FeedsAtomCreating an Atom FileContainersMetadata and Content ElementsRSS or Atom?SummaryReferences
LayoutPositioning and FloatingTableless Web LayoutTypographyMisused CharactersWeb FontsEmbedding External ContentRaster GraphicsVector GraphicsFlashAudioVideoSummaryReferences
Defining Web AccessibilityWCAG 1.0WCAG 2.0Migrating from WCAG 1.0 to WCAG 2.0U.S. Section 508Semantic (X)HTML5 Elements and WAI-ARIAJavaScript AccessibilityPDF AccessibilityFlash AccessibilityAccessibility of Mathematical NotationsSummaryReferences
Feature RequirementsText EditorsWYSIWYG EditorsContent Management Systems and BloggersWeb Standards SupportSpecific EditorsSemantic Editors and ReasonersMathTypeMarkup CorrectorsResponsive Web Design FrameworksFoundationBootstrapSkeletonLess FrameworkGumbyBrowsers as Development ToolsValidator and Debugger Plug-insTesting Web Pages in Text BrowsersView the Source CodeSummaryReferences
Choosing the Relevant StandardsSwitching Between StandardsStep-by-Step DevelopmentStarting from ScratchLinksImagesListsTablesDrop-Down Selection ListsFormsFlash ContentRSS News FeedsMaking Web Sites Valid Through RedesignSummaryReference
Appropriately Used ElementsContent in Logical OrderMobile-Friendly LayoutSizes and ProportionsLengths in Relative UnitsCombine Units ProperlyEmbedding External Content ProperlyEmbedding YouTube Videos as Valid XHTML or HTML5Embedding Google Maps as Valid XHTML or HTML5Semantic Web Best PracticesWAI-ARIA Best PracticesMobile Web Best PracticesProviding RobustnessDeclaring Fallback Generic FontsDeclarations with Appropriate SpecificityTestingRendering in Multiple BrowsersReadability Without StylesSummaryReferences
ConceptsMarkup ValidationValidating XMLValidating RDF/XMLValidating News FeedsValidating CSSValidating I18NValidating HyperlinksValidating AccessibilityValidating Mobile-FriendlinessUnified ValidatorsW3C UnicornTotal ValidatorSortSiteExtracting Semantic ContentExpressing ValidityW3C IconsRepresenting TechnologiesSummaryReferences
Common Serving ErrorsCommon Markup ErrorsIncorrectly Used ElementsIncorrect StructureMisused TablesNonoptimal Code LengthElement and Attribute ErrorsEnd Tag ErrorsIdentifiersCommon Style Sheet ErrorsNonexisting PropertiesNonexisting or Incorrectly Used Property ValuesIgnored InheritanceColor ErrorsIncorrect LocationsTransparent BackgroundsMiscellaneous ErrorsCommon News Feed ErrorsCommon Script ErrorsCommon Accessibility ErrorsSummaryReferences

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Web Standards—Mastering HTML5, CSS3, and XML

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Web Standards: Mastering HTML5, CSS3, and XML

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Web Standards:Mastering HTML5, CSS3, and XML, Second Edition

by Leslie F. Sikos

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