4.1 Introduction4.2 Offloading Decision4.2.1 Improving Performance4.2.2 Saving Energy4.3 Types of Offloading4.3.1 Depending on Material Being Offloaded4.3.2 Depending on Approaches to Time Reduction4.3.2.1 Fine-Grained Offloading or Partial Offloading4.3.2.2 Coarse-Grained Offloading or Full Offloading4.4 Topologies of Offloading4.6 Adaptive Computation Offloading from Mobile Devices4.6.1 Mobile Augmentation Cloud Services4.6.2 Adaptive Computation Offloading4.7 Cloud Path Selection for Offloading4.7.1 Cloud Path Selection Methods4.7.2 Cloud Path Selection Issues4.8 Mobile Data Offloading Using Opportunistic Communication4.8.1 System Model4.8.2 Target-Set Selection4.8.3 Greedy, Heuristic, and Random Algorithms4.9 Three-Tier Architecture of Mobile Cloud Computing4.10 Requirements of Data Offloading4.11 Performance Analysis of Offloading Techniques4.11.1 Analysis of Energy Consumption in Offloading for Different Data Amounts4.11.2 Analysis of Energy Consumption in Offloading for Different Connectivity4.12 Multi-Cloud Offloading in Mobile Cloud Computing Environment4.12.1 Performance Analysis of Multi-Cloud Offloading Schemes4.13 ConclusionQuestionsReferences