14D2D and V2X Communications
Shubhranshu Singh1, Ji Lianghai2, Daniel Calabuig3, David Garcia‐Roger3, Nurul H. Mahmood4, Nuno Pratas4, Tomasz Mach5 and Maria Carmela De Gennaro6
1 Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan
2 University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
3 Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain
4 Aalborg University, Denmark
5 Samsung Electronics R&D Institute, UK
6 Magneti Marelli, Italy
14.1 Introduction
Device‐to‐device (D2D) communication refers to the “direct mode” of communication between two or more user equipments (UEs) that are within the transmission range of each other, where “direct mode” refers to the fact that communication takes place without any traffic going through network entities, such as base stations (BSs). The D2D concept has been continuously evolving from the academia as well as the industry perspective. There are various existing D2D standards such as Wi‐Fi Direct, Bluetooth, etc. The 3rd Generation Partnership Program (3GPP) in Release 12 and onwards provided enhancements to Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems supporting proximity or D2D‐based services. D2D work within 3GPP has been ongoing and will continue to evolve as part of the 5th generation (5G) releases. This chapter provides a detailed summary of the work, the technical details of the envisioned D2D evolution, and 5G‐specific D2D challenges and solution approaches.
Vehicle‐to‐vehicle (V2V) communication also exploits the direct mode of communication between two or more vehicles, in contrast ...
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