Chapter 3. “Ethical” Is Not a Binary Concept
Tim Wilson
When considering the capture, processing, or use of data, companies are instructed to ask themselves, “Is this ethical?” The implication in the framing of the question is that the answer is either “yes” or “no.” In many cases, that is fine, but in many more cases, the answer is not nearly as cut and dried as the question implies.
Is it ethical to secretly collect personal data about someone without their knowledge and then to sell that data to multiple third parties for use in targeted marketing? No.
Is it ethical to ask a person to consent to tracking for the sole purpose of analyzing and improving their experience on a website, and then to honor their consent (or lack thereof)? Yes.
Is it ethical to give a person the option to opt out of being tracked and then, if they do not opt out, to track their behavior and use that data to market to them with targeted banner ads on other sites as they browse the internet? It’s complicated.
In the case of regulations like the GDPR in the EU, this sort of tracking would be a clear regulatory violation and could subject the organization to a sizable fine. But a regulatory violation does not necessarily make it unethical. (It is also a violation of GDPR to prevent someone from accessing a website if they do not consent to being tracked; a ...
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