book

A Programmer’s Guide to Java® SE 8 Oracle Certified Associate (OCA)

Name: A Programmer’s Guide to Java® SE 8 Oracle Certified Associate (OCA)
ISBN: 9780132943093

by Khalid A Mughal, Rolf W Rasmussen

July 2016

Intermediate to advanced

688 pages

21h 55m

English

Addison-Wesley Professional

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About This E-Book
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication Page
Contents Overview
Contents
Figures
Tables
Examples
Foreword

Preface
Writing This BookAbout This BookUsing This BookReview QuestionsChapter SummaryProgramming ExercisesMock ExamJava SE Platform API DocumentationBook WebsiteRequest for FeedbackAbout the AuthorsKhalid A. MughalRolf W. RasmussenAcknowledgments
1. Basics of Java Programming
1.1 Introduction1.2 ClassesDeclaring Members: Fields and Methods1.3 ObjectsClass Instantiation, Reference Values, and ReferencesObject Aliases1.4 Instance MembersInvoking Methods1.5 Static Members1.6 Inheritance1.7 Associations: Aggregation and Composition1.8 Tenets of JavaReview Questions1.9 Java Programs1.10 Sample Java ApplicationEssential Elements of a Java ApplicationCompiling and Running an Application1.11 Program OutputFormatted Output1.12 The Java EcosystemObject-Oriented ParadigmInterpreted: The JVMArchitecture-Neutral and Portable BytecodeSimplicityDynamic and DistributedRobust and SecureHigh Performance and MultithreadedReview QuestionsChapter SummaryProgramming Exercise
2. Language Fundamentals
2.1 Basic Language ElementsLexical TokensIdentifiersKeywordsSeparatorsLiteralsInteger LiteralsFloating-Point LiteralsUnderscores in Numerical LiteralsBoolean LiteralsCharacter LiteralsString LiteralsWhitespaceCommentsReview Questions2.2 Primitive Data TypesThe Integer TypesThe char TypeThe Floating-Point TypesThe boolean TypeReview Questions2.3 Variable DeclarationsDeclaring and Initializing VariablesReference Variables2.4 Initial Values for VariablesDefault Values for FieldsInitializing Local Variables of Primitive Data TypesInitializing Local Reference VariablesLifetime of VariablesReview QuestionsChapter SummaryProgramming Exercise
3. Declarations
3.1 Class Declarations3.2 Method DeclarationsStatementsInstance Methods and the Object Reference thisMethod Overloading3.3 ConstructorsThe Default ConstructorOverloaded ConstructorsReview Questions3.4 ArraysDeclaring Array VariablesConstructing an ArrayInitializing an ArrayUsing an ArrayAnonymous ArraysMultidimensional ArraysSorting ArraysSearching ArraysReview Questions3.5 Parameter PassingPassing Primitive Data ValuesPassing Reference ValuesPassing ArraysArray Elements as Actual Parametersfinal Parameters3.6 Variable Arity MethodsCalling a Variable Arity MethodVariable Arity and Fixed Arity Method Calls3.7 The main() MethodProgram Arguments3.8 Enumerated TypesDeclaring Type-safe EnumsUsing Type-safe EnumsSelected Methods for Enum TypesReview QuestionsChapter SummaryProgramming Exercise
4. Access Control
4.1 Java Source File Structure4.2 PackagesDefining PackagesUsing PackagesCompiling Code into PackagesRunning Code from Packages4.3 Searching for ClassesReview Questions4.4 Scope RulesClass Scope for MembersBlock Scope for Local Variables4.5 Accessibility Modifiers for Top-Level Type Declarations4.6 Non-Accessibility Modifiers for Classesabstract Classesfinal ClassesReview Questions4.7 Member Accessibility Modifierspublic Membersprotected MembersDefault Accessibility for Membersprivate MembersReview Questions4.8 Non-Accessibility Modifiers for Membersstatic Membersfinal Membersabstract Methodssynchronized Methodsnative Methodstransient Fieldsvolatile FieldsReview QuestionsChapter SummaryProgramming Exercise
5. Operators and Expressions
5.1 ConversionsWidening and Narrowing Primitive ConversionsWidening and Narrowing Reference ConversionsBoxing and Unboxing ConversionsOther Conversions5.2 Type Conversion ContextsAssignment ContextMethod Invocation ContextCasting Context of the Unary Type Cast Operator: (type)Numeric Promotion Context5.3 Precedence and Associativity Rules for Operators5.4 Evaluation Order of OperandsLeft-Hand Operand Evaluation FirstOperand Evaluation before Operation ExecutionLeft-to-Right Evaluation of Argument Lists5.5 Representing IntegersCalculating Two’s ComplementConverting Binary Numbers to DecimalsConverting Decimals to Binary NumbersRelationships among Binary, Octal, and Hexadecimal Numbers5.6 The Simple Assignment Operator =Assigning Primitive ValuesAssigning ReferencesMultiple AssignmentsType Conversions in an Assignment ContextReview Questions5.7 Arithmetic Operators: *, /, %, +, -Arithmetic Operator Precedence and AssociativityEvaluation Order in Arithmetic ExpressionsRange of Numeric ValuesUnary Arithmetic Operators: -, +Multiplicative Binary Operators: *, /, %Additive Binary Operators: +, -Numeric Promotions in Arithmetic ExpressionsArithmetic Compound Assignment Operators: *=, /=, %=, +=, -=Review Questions5.8 The Binary String Concatenation Operator +5.9 Variable Increment and Decrement Operators: ++, --The Increment Operator ++The Decrement Operator --Review Questions5.10 Boolean Expressions5.11 Relational Operators: <, <=, >, >=5.12 EqualityPrimitive Data Value Equality: ==, !=Object Reference Equality: ==, !=Object Value Equality5.13 Boolean Logical Operators: !, ^, &, |Operand Evaluation for Boolean Logical OperatorsBoolean Logical Compound Assignment Operators: &=, ^=, |=5.14 Conditional Operators: &&, ||Short-Circuit Evaluation5.15 Integer Bitwise Operators: ~, &, |, ^Bitwise Compound Assignment Operators: &=, ^=, |=Review Questions5.16 The Conditional Operator: ?:5.17 Other Operators: new, [], instanceof, ->Review QuestionsChapter SummaryProgramming Exercise
6. Control Flow
6.1 Overview of Control Flow Statements6.2 Selection StatementsThe Simple if StatementThe if-else StatementThe switch StatementReview Questions6.3 Iteration StatementsThe while StatementThe do-while StatementThe for(;;) StatementThe for(:) Statement6.4 Transfer StatementsLabeled StatementsThe break StatementThe continue StatementThe return StatementReview Questions6.5 Stack-Based Execution and Exception Propagation6.6 Exception TypesThe Exception ClassThe RuntimeException ClassThe Error ClassChecked and Unchecked ExceptionsDefining Customized Exceptions6.7 Exception Handling: try, catch, and finallyThe try BlockThe catch ClauseThe finally Clause6.8 The throw Statement6.9 The throws ClauseOverriding the throws Clause6.10 Advantages of Exception HandlingReview QuestionsChapter SummaryProgramming Exercises
7. Object-Oriented Programming
7.1 Single Implementation InheritanceRelationships: is-a and has-aThe Supertype–Subtype Relationship7.2 Overriding MethodsInstance Method OverridingCovariant return in Overriding MethodsOverriding versus Overloading7.3 Hiding MembersField HidingStatic Method Hiding7.4 The Object Reference superReview Questions7.5 Chaining Constructors Using this() and super()The this() Constructor CallThe super() Constructor CallReview Questions7.6 InterfacesDefining InterfacesAbstract Methods in InterfacesImplementing InterfacesExtending InterfacesInterface ReferencesDefault Methods in InterfacesStatic Methods in InterfacesConstants in InterfacesReview Questions7.7 Arrays and SubtypingArrays and Subtype CovarianceArray Store Check7.8 Reference Values and Conversions7.9 Reference Value Assignment Conversions7.10 Method Invocation Conversions Involving ReferencesOverloaded Method Resolution7.11 Reference Casting and the instanceof OperatorThe Cast OperatorThe instanceof OperatorReview Questions7.12 Polymorphism and Dynamic Method Lookup7.13 Inheritance versus Aggregation7.14 Basic Concepts in Object-Oriented DesignEncapsulationCohesionCouplingReview QuestionsChapter SummaryProgramming Exercises
8. Fundamental Classes
8.1 Overview of the java.lang Package8.2 The Object ClassReview Questions8.3 The Wrapper ClassesCommon Wrapper Class ConstructorsCommon Wrapper Class Utility MethodsNumeric Wrapper ClassesThe Character ClassThe Boolean ClassReview Questions8.4 The String ClassImmutabilityCreating and Initializing StringsThe CharSequence InterfaceReading Characters from a StringComparing StringsCharacter Case in a StringConcatenation of StringsJoining of CharSequence ObjectsSearching for Characters and SubstringsExtracting SubstringsConverting Primitive Values and Objects to StringsFormatted StringsReview Questions8.5 The StringBuilder and StringBuffer ClassesThread-SafetyMutabilityConstructing String BuildersReading and Changing Characters in String BuildersConstructing Strings from String BuildersAppending, Inserting, and Deleting Characters in String BuildersControlling String Builder CapacityReview QuestionsChapter SummaryProgramming Exercises
9. Object Lifetime
9.1 Garbage Collection9.2 Reachable Objects9.3 Facilitating Garbage Collection9.4 Object Finalization9.5 Finalizer Chaining9.6 Invoking Garbage Collection ProgrammaticallyReview Questions9.7 Initializers9.8 Field Initializer ExpressionsDeclaration Order of Initializer Expressions9.9 Static Initializer BlocksDeclaration Order of Static Initializers9.10 Instance Initializer BlocksDeclaration Order of Instance Initializers9.11 Constructing Initial Object StateReview QuestionsChapter Summary
10. The ArrayList<E> Class and Lambda Expressions
10.1 The ArrayList<E> ClassListsDeclaring References and Constructing ArrayListsModifying an ArrayListQuerying an ArrayListTraversing an ArrayListConverting an ArrayList to an ArraySorting an ArrayListArrays versus ArrayListReview Questions10.2 Lambda ExpressionsBehavior ParameterizationFunctional InterfacesDefining Lambda ExpressionsType Checking and Execution of Lambda ExpressionsFiltering Revisited: The Predicate<T> Functional InterfaceReview QuestionsChapter SummaryProgramming Exercise
11. Date and Time
11.1 Basic Date and Time Concepts11.2 Working with Temporal ClassesCreating Temporal ObjectsQuerying Temporal ObjectsComparing Temporal ObjectsCreating Modified Copies of Temporal ObjectsTemporal Arithmetic11.3 Working with PeriodsCreating PeriodsQuerying PeriodsCreating Modified Copies of PeriodsMore Temporal ArithmeticReview Questions11.4 Formatting and ParsingDefault FormattersPredefined FormattersLocalized FormattersCustomized FormattersReview QuestionsChapter SummaryProgramming Exercise
Appendix A. Taking the Java SE 8 Programmer I Exam
A.1 Preparing for the ExamA.2 Registering for the ExamContact InformationObtaining an Exam VoucherSigning Up for the TestAfter Taking the ExamA.3 How the Exam Is ConductedThe Testing LocationsUtilizing the Allotted TimeThe Exam ProgramThe Exam ResultA.4 The QuestionsAssumptions about the Exam QuestionsTypes of Questions AskedTypes of Answers ExpectedTopics Covered by the Questions
Appendix B. Exam Topics: Java SE 8 Programmer I
Appendix C. Annotated Answers to Review Questions
1 Basics of Java Programming2 Language Fundamentals3 Declarations4 Access Control5 Operators and Expressions6 Control Flow7 Object-Oriented Programming8 Fundamental Classes9 Object Lifetime10 The ArrayList<E> Class and Lambda Expressions11 Date and Time
Appendix D. Solutions to Programming Exercises
1 Basics of Java Programming2 Language Fundamentals3 Declarations4 Access Control5 Operators and Expressions6 Control Flow7 Object-Oriented Programming8 Fundamental Classes9 Object Lifetime10 The ArrayList<E> Class and Lambda Expressions11 Date and Time
Appendix E. Mock Exam: Java SE 8 Programmer I
Questions
Appendix F. Annotated Answers to Mock Exam I
Annotated Answers
Index
Code Snippets

Content preview from A Programmer’s Guide to Java® SE 8 Oracle Certified Associate (OCA)

11. Date and Time

11.1 Basic Date and Time Concepts

Java 8 introduced a new comprehensive API for handling temporal concepts. In this chapter, we primarily concentrate on classes that represent the date, time, and period. The Java 8 API also provides support for formatting and parsing temporal objects. These classes are all based on the ISO calendar system, which is the de facto world calendar. The Date and Time API is fairly comprehensive, and includes support for other temporal concepts such as instants, durations, offsets, time zones, and different calendars—topics that are beyond the scope of this book.

We will use the term temporal objects ...

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A Programmer’s Guide to Java® SE 8 Oracle Certified Associate (OCA)

by Khalid A Mughal, Rolf W Rasmussen