
40 A Systems Perspective on Financial Systems
Figure 2.14 The Riemann ball – relationship between planar infinity and three-dimensional North Pole.
A detailed proof of this theorem can be found in (Wu and Lin, 2002, pp. 65–66)
and is omitted here. And for higher order nonlinear evolution systems, please consult
(Lin, 2008).
2.3.3 The problem of quantitative infinity
One of the features of blown-ups is the quantitative infinity ∞, which stands for
indeterminacy mathematically. So, a natural question is how to comprehend this math-
ematical symbol ∞, which in applications causes instabilities and calculation spills that
have stopped each and every working ...