Aging of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles
M.A. Danzer1; V. Liebau2; F. Maglia2 1 Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg, Ulm, Germany;2 BMW Group, Munich, Germany
Abstract
The lifetime of Li-ion batteries is of the highest importance for electric vehicles for their reliability, for their economic competitiveness, and finally for customer satisfaction. This chapter introduces the effects of aging in automotive batteries. Mechanisms and root causes on different levels—material, cell, and pack—are discussed. Overviews of test methods and field data, modeling and simulation approaches, and diagnostic methods are given. Finally, ways and means to reach and exceed the lifetime goals of automotive ...
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