
Contents
List of Tables ix
List of Figures xi
Preface xvii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 What is simulation? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Simulation of intelligence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 Criticism of simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.4 Swarm and the Santa Fe Institute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2 Evolutionary Methods and Evolutionary Computation 13
2.1 What is evolutionary computation? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.2 What are genetic algorithms? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.2.1 Data representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.2.2 Selection . . . . . . . . . .