Agent-Based Modeling and Simulation with Swarm

Introduction 11

1. I was ordering lunch at a restaurant.

2. The waitress told me that there was a fish pla te and a meat plate, and

I ordered the fish plate.

3. The waitress returned a few minutes later and told me that I could also

choose pasta.

4. I then ordered the meat plate.

Such a situation actually happened: once, in figure s kating where judges score,

the existence of a skater who came in fourth place caused the o rder of the first

and second place skaters to be reversed [97].

A more classic example that questions whether democracy is fair is Con-

dorcet’s paradox. Condorce t was a mathematician, philosopher, and politician

in 18th century France, and is known for investigating the paradox of voting.

This paradox appears when voting for three c a