November 2025
Intermediate to advanced
1172 pages
46h 25m
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil)
Content preview from Aprendendo Python (Portuguese Edition), 1st Edition
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Capítulo 31. Projetando com classes
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Até agora, nesta parte do livro, a gente se concentrou em usar a ferramenta OOP do Python, a classe. Mas OOP também tem a ver com design, ou seja, como usar classes para modelar objetos úteis. Para isso, este capítulo codifica padrões comuns de design OOP em Python, como herança, composição, delegação e fábricas. Ao longo do caminho, também investigaremos alguns conceitos de classe focados em design, como atributos pseudoprivados, herança múltipla e métodos delimitados. Como a herança múltipla depende da ordem de pesquisa MRO, finalmente exploraremos isso aqui também.
Uma observação inicial: alguns dos termos de design mencionados aqui exigem mais cobertura do que este livro pode oferecer. Se este material despertar sua curiosidade, você pode considerar explorar um texto sobre design OOP ou padrões de design como próximo passo. Como você verá, a boa notícia é que o Python torna muitos padrões de design tradicionais quase triviais.
Python e OOP
Vamos começar com uma revisão — a implementação de OOP do Python pode ser resumida em três ideias:
- Herança
- A herança é baseada na pesquisa de atributos em Python (em expressões
X.name). - Polimorfismo
- Em
X.method, o significado demethoddepende do tipo (classe) do objeto em questãoX. - Encapsulamento
- Métodos e operadores implementam o comportamento, embora a ocultação de dados seja uma ...
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