Architecting Modern Java EE Applications

Infrastructure as code

A logical conclusion to enable reproducible environments is to make use of infrastructure as code (IaC). The idea is that all required steps, configuration, and versions are explicitly defined as code. These code definitions are directly used to configure the infrastructure. Infrastructure as code can be implemented in a procedural form, such as scripts, or in a declarative way. The latter approach specifies the desired target state and is executed using additional tooling. No matter which approach is preferred, the point is that the whole environment is specified as code, being executed in an automated, reliable, and reproducible way, always producing the same results.

In any way, the approach implies that the manual ...