book

Basic Mechanical Engineering

Name: Basic Mechanical Engineering
Author: Pravin Kumar
ISBN: 9789332517745

by Pravin Kumar

May 2013

Beginner

638 pages

18h 28m

English

Pearson India

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Cover
Title Page
Contents
About the Author
Dedication
Preface
Chapter 1: Concepts of Thermodynamics and Properties of Gases
1.1 Introduction1.2 Important Terminologies Used in Thermodynamics1.3 Specific Heat Capacity1.3.1 Specific Heat at Constant Volume (Cv)1.3.2 Specific Heat at Constant Pressure (Cp)1.3.3 Relationship Between Cp and Cv1.4 The First Law of Thermodynamics1.4.1 Mechanical Equivalent of Heat1.4.2 Internal Energy1.4.3 Physical Interpretation of Internal Energy1.4.4 Energy Transfer Across the System Boundary (Heat and Work)1.4.5 Non-flow Processes1.4.6 Application of First Law of Thermodynamics in Steady Flow Process and Variable Flow Process1.4.7 Limitations of First Law of Thermodynamics1.5 The Second Law of Thermodynamics1.5.1 Kelvin–Planck Statement1.5.2 Clausius Statement1.5.3 Equivalence of Kelvin–Planck and Clausius Statement1.6 Reversible and Irreversible Processes1.7 The Carnot Cycle1.8 The Clausius Inequality1.9 Entropy and Entropy Generation1.9.1 Entropy1.9.2 Entropy Generation1.9.3 Entropy Balance1.9.4 Evaluation of Entropy Change1.10 Third Law of Thermodynamics1.11 Gas Laws1.11.1 Boyle’s Law1.11.2 Charles’s Law1.11.3 Gay–Lussac’s Law1.11.4 The Combined Gas Law1.11.5 Gas ConstantSummaryMultiple Choice QuestionsFill in the BlanksReview QuestionsProblems for Practice
Chapter 2: Fuels and Combustion
2.1 Introduction2.2 Coal2.2.1 Analysis of Coal2.3 Liquid Fuels2.3.1 Petroleum2.3.2 Kerosene2.3.3 Diesel2.3.4 Gasoline2.3.5 Calorific Value of Liquid Fuels2.3.6 Major Contents of Liquid Fuels2.4 Gaseous Fuels2.4.1 LPG2.4.2 Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)2.5 Biofuels2.5.1 Bioalcohols2.5.2 Biodiesel2.5.3 Green Diesel2.5.4 Vegetable Oil2.5.5 Bioethers2.5.6 Biogas2.5.7 Syngas2.5.8 Solid Biofuels2.6 Combustion2.6.1 Principle of Combustion2.7 Determination of Calorific Value of Fuel Using Bomb CalorimeterSummaryMultiple Choice QuestionsReview QuestionsProblems for Practice
Chapter 3: Power Plant Engineering and Sources of Energy
3.1 Introduction3.2 Prime Movers3.2.1 Historical Development of Prime Movers3.3 Power Plant Engineering3.3.1 Thermal Power Plant3.3.2 Hydroelectric Power Plant3.3.3 Nuclear Power Plant3.4 Sources of Energy3.4.1 Renewable Energy3.4.2 Non-renewable EnergySummaryMultiple Choice QuestionsReview Questions
Chapter 4: Properties of Steam and Steam Generators
4.1 Introduction4.2 Formation of Steam at Constant Pressure4.3 Throttling Calorimeter4.4 Separating and Throttling Calorimeter4.5 Steam Table4.6 Mollier Diagram or h–S Chart4.7 Steam Generators/Boilers4.7.1 Classification of Boilers4.7.2 Requirements of a Good Boiler4.7.3 Cochran Boiler4.7.4 Babcock and Wilcox Boiler4.7.5 Locomotive Boiler4.7.6 Lancashire Boiler4.7.7 Cornish Boiler4.8 Boiler Mountings4.8.1 Safety Valves4.8.2 High Steam Low Water Safety Valve4.8.3 Water Level Indicator4.8.4 Pressure Gauge4.8.5 Feed Check Valve4.8.6 Steam Stop Valve4.8.7 Blow-off Cock4.8.8 Fusible Plug4.8.9 Manhole4.9 Boiler Accessories4.9.1 Economiser4.9.2 Air Preheater4.9.3 Superheater4.9.4 Feed Pump4.9.5 Injector4.9.6 Steam Trap4.9.7 Steam Separator4.9.8 Pressure Reducing Valve4.10 Chimney Height Calculation4.10.1 Draught4.11 Performance of BoilersSummaryMultiple Choice QuestionsFill in the BlanksReview QuestionsProblems for Practice

Chapter 5: Steam Engine, Steam and Gas Turbines
5.1 Introduction to Steam Power Systems5.2 Steam Engines and their Working Principles5.2.1 Modified Rankine Cycle: Theoretical Indicator Diagram5.2.2 Rankine Cycle5.3 Steam Turbine5.3.1 Classification of Steam Turbine5.3.2 Compounding of Impulse Turbine5.3.3 Impulses-reaction Turbine (Reaction Turbine)5.3.4 Differences Between Impulse and Reaction Turbines5.3.5 Losses in Steam Turbines5.3.6 Governing of Steam Turbines5.4 Gas Turbines5.4.1 Classification of Gas Turbine5.4.2 Applications of Gas Turbines5.4.3 Gas Turbine Cycle with Regenerator5.4.4 Gas Turbine Cycle with Reheating and IntercoolingSummaryMultiple Choice QuestionsFill in the BlanksReview QuestionsProblems for Practice
Chapter 6: Internal Combustion Engines
6.1 Introduction6.2 Classification of IC Engines6.3 Basic Structure of IC Engines6.3.1 Nomenclature6.4 Working Principle of IC Engines6.4.1 Four-stroke Spark Ignition Engine6.4.2 Four-stroke Compression Ignition Engine6.4.3 Two-stroke Spark Ignition Engine6.4.4 Two-stroke CI Engine6.4.5 Comparison Between Four-strokes and Two-strokes Engines6.4.6 Comparison Between SI and CI Engines6.4.7 Comparison Between Otto Cycle and Diesel Cycle6.5 Valve Timing Diagrams6.5.1 Valve Timing Diagram for Four-strokes SI Engines6.5.2 Port Timing Diagram for Two-strokes SI Engines6.5.3 Valve Timing Diagram for Four-strokes CI Engine6.6 Otto Cycle6.7 Diesel Cycle6.8 Dual Cycle6.9 Engine Performance ParametersSummaryMultiple Choice QuestionsFill in the BlanksReview QuestionsProblems for Practice
Chapter 7: Introduction to Heat Transfer
7.1 Introduction7.1.1 Conduction7.1.2 Convection7.1.3 Radiation7.1.4 Combined Heat Transfer7.2 Heat Exchanger7.2.1 Parallel and Counter Flow Heat Exchangers7.2.2 Cross flow Recuperator7.2.3 Multi-pass and Mixed Flow RecuperatorsSummaryMultiple Choice QuestionsReview QuestionsProblems for Practice
Chapter 8: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
8.1 Introduction8.2 Refrigerator and Heat Pump8.3 Components of Refrigeration System8.3.1 Evaporator8.3.2 Compressor8.3.3 Condenser8.3.4 Expansion Valve8.4 Types of Refrigeration Systems8.4.1 Air-refrigeration System8.4.2 Vapour Compression Refrigeration System8.4.3 Absorption Refrigeration Cycle8.5 Type of Refrigerants8.6 Types of Refrigerators8.6.1 Top-mount Refrigerators8.6.2 Side-by-Side Mount Refrigerators8.6.3 Bottom-mount Freezers8.6.4 French-door Refrigerators8.7 Psychrometry8.8 Psychrometric Processes8.8.1 Psychrometric Chart8.9 Air Washers8.10 Human Comfort Conditions8.11 Room Air Conditioner8.11.1 Window Air Conditioner8.11.2 Split Air Conditioner8.11.3 Difference Between Split and Window ACsSummaryMultiple Choice QuestionsReview QuestionsProblems for Practice
Chapter 9: Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines
9.1 Introduction9.2 Properties of Fluids9.2.1 Density9.2.2 Viscosity9.2.3 Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids9.2.4 Surface Tension9.2.5 Capillarity9.2.6 Pressure Variation with Depth9.3 Bernoulli’s Equation9.4 Types of Flow9.5 Introduction to Hydraulic Machines9.6 Hydraulic Turbines9.6.1 Classification of Hydraulic Turbines9.7 Terminology Used in Turbine9.8 Pelton Turbine9.8.1 Main Components of Pelton Turbine9.8.2 Selection of Speed of Pelton Turbine9.8.3 Velocity Triangle for Pelton Turbine9.9 Francis Turbine9.9.1 Main Components of Francis Turbine9.9.2 Different Shapes of Draft Tubes9.10 Kaplan Turbine9.10.1 Velocity Triangle for Kaplan Turbine9.11 Governing of Turbines9.12 Pumps9.13 Centrifugal Pump9.13.1 Main Components of Centrifugal Pump9.13.2 Velocity Triangle for Centrifugal Pump9.13.3 Various Heads and Efficiencies of Centrifugal Pumps9.13.4 Some Important Points Related to Centrifugal Pump9.14 Reciprocating Pump9.14.1 Air Vessels9.15 Gear Pump9.16 Vane Pump9.17 Lobe Pump9.18 Screw Pump9.18.1 Two-screw, Low-pitch, Screw Pump9.18.2 Three-screw, High-pitch, Screw Pump9.19 Hydraulic Coupling9.20 Hydraulic Torque ConverterSummaryMultiple Choice QuestionsReview QuestionsProblems for Practice
Chapter 10: Air Compressors
10.1 Introduction10.2 Classification of Compressors10.3 Reciprocating Compressors10.3.1 Polytropic Compression10.3.2 Isothermal Compression10.3.3 Effect of Clearance on Work Done10.3.4 Volumetric Efficiency10.3.5 Multistage Compression10.3.6 Work Done in Multistage Compression10.4 Rotary compressors10.4.1 Fixed Vane Type Compressors10.4.2 Multiple Vane Type Rotary Compressors10.5 Centrifugal Compressors10.6 Axial Flow CompressorsSummaryMultiple Choice QuestionsFill in the BlanksReview QuestionsProblems for Practice
Chapter 11: Centroid and Moment of Inertia
11.1 Introduction11.2 Determination of Position of Centroid of Plane Geometric Figures11.2.1 Centre of Gravity, Centre of Mass, and Centroid of an Irregular Shape11.2.2 Centroid of I-section11.2.3 Centroid of U-section11.2.4 Centroid of H-section11.2.5 Centroid of L-section11.2.6 Centroid of T-section11.2.7 Centroid of C-section11.2.8 Centroid of Circular Arc11.2.9 Centroid of Semicircular-section of a Disc11.2.10 Centroid of a Sector of a Circular Disc11.2.11 Centroid of a Parabola11.2.12 Centroid of a Triangle11.3 Second Moment of Area11.3.1 Radius of Gyration11.3.2 Theorem of Perpendicular Axis11.3.3 Theorem of Parallel Axis11.3.4 Moment of Inertia from First Principle11.3.5 Moment of Inertia of Some Composite Sections11.4 Centre of Gravity of Solids11.5 Mass Moment of Inertia11.5.1 Mass Moment of Inertia of a Circular Ring11.5.2 Mass Moment of Inertia of a Circular Disc11.5.3 Mass Moment of Inertia of a Hollow Cylinder11.5.4 Mass Moment of Inertia of Sphere11.5.5 Mass Moment of Inertia of a Circular ConeSummaryMultiple Choice QuestionsReview QuestionsProblems for Practice
Chapter 12: Stress and Strain
12.1 Introduction to Stress and Strain12.2 Hooke’s Law12.3 Extension in Varying Cross-section or Taper Rod12.4 Stress and Strain in Varying Cross-section Bar of Uniform Strength12.5 Stress and Strain in Compound Bar12.6 Stress and Strain in an Assembly of Tube and Bolt12.7 Stress and Strain in Composite Bar12.8 Temperature Stress12.9 Stress and Strain Due to Suddenly Applied Load12.10 Stress and Strain for Impact Load12.11 Relation Between Stress and Volumetric Strain12.12 Relation Between Modulus of Elasticity and Bulk Modulus12.13 Relation Between Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of RigiditySummaryMultiple Choice QuestionsReview QuestionsProblems for Practice
Chapter 13: Lifting Machines
13.1 Introduction13.2 Terminology Related to the Lifting Machines13.2.1 Frictional Loss in Lifting Machine and Law of Machine13.2.2 Expression for Maximum Mechanical Advantage13.3 Reversible and Irreversible Machines13.3.1 Condition for Reversibility of Machine13.3.2 Condition for Irreversibility or Self-locking of Machine13.4 Simple Wheel and Axle13.5 Differential Wheel and Axle13.6 Pulleys13.6.1 Order of Pulley13.6.2 Weston’s Differential Pulley Block13.7 Worm and Worm Wheel13.8 Single Purchase Winch Crab13.9 Double Purchase Winch Crab13.10 Simple Screw Jack13.11 Compound Screw JackSummaryMultiple Choice QuestionsReview QuestionsProblems for Practice
Chapter 14: Flywheel and Governors
14.1 Introduction to Flywheel14.2 Mass Moment of Inertia of Flywheel14.3 Introduction to Governors14.4 Terminology Used in Governors14.5 Classification of Governors14.6 Gravity Controlled Centrifugal Governors14.6.1 Watt Governor14.6.2 Porter Governor14.6.3 Proell Governor14.7 Spring Controlled Centrifugal Governor14.7.1 Hartnell Governor14.7.2 Willson–Hartnell Governor14.7.3 Hartung Governor14.8 Sensitiveness of Governors14.9 Governing of IC Engines14.9.1 Qualitative Governing14.9.2 Quantitative Governing14.9.3 Hit and Miss Governing14.10 Differences Between Flywheel and GovernorsSummaryMultiple Choice QuestionsReview QuestionsProblems for Practice
Chapter 15: Power Transmission Devices
15.1 Introduction15.2 Belt Drive15.2.1 Type of Belt Cross-sections15.2.2 Velocity Ratio15.2.3 Creep15.2.4 Open-belt Drive15.2.5 Crossed-belt Drive15.2.6 Ratio of Tensions15.2.7 Effect of Centrifugal Force on Belt Drive15.3 Rope Drive15.4 Chain Drive15.4.1 Chain Length15.4.2 Types of Chain15.5 Gear Drive15.5.1 Gear Terminology15.5.2 Law of Gearing15.5.3 Forms of Teeth15.6 Classification of Gears15.6.1 Parallel Shafts15.6.2 Intersecting Shaft15.7 Gear Trains15.7.1 Simple Gear Train15.7.2 Compound Gear Train15.7.3 Reverted Gear Train15.7.4 Planetary or Epicyclic Gear Train15.7.5 Sun and Planet GearSummaryMultiple Choice QuestionsFill in the BlanksReview QuestionsProblems for Practice
Chapter 16: Coupling, Clutch, and Brake
16.1 Introduction to Coupling16.2 Rigid Coupling16.3 Flexible Bushed Coupling16.4 Universal Joint16.5 Introduction to Clutches16.6 Single Plate Clutch16.7 Multi-plate Disc Clutch16.8 Cone Clutch16.9 Centrifugal Clutch16.10 Introduction to Brakes16.10.1 Block or Shoe Brake16.10.2 Band Brake16.10.3 Band and Block Brake16.10.4 Internal Expanding Shoe BrakeSummaryMultiple Choice QuestionsReview QuestionsProblems for Practice
Chapter 17: Engineering Materials
17.1 Introduction17.2 Mechanical Properties of Engineering Materials17.3 Mechanical Testing of Engineering Materials17.3.1 Tensile Test17.3.2 Hardness17.4 Impact Test17.5 Classification of Engineering Materials17.5.1 Ferrous Metals17.5.2 Non-ferrous Metals17.5.3 Plastics17.5.4 Abrasive Materials17.5.5 Ceramics17.5.6 Silica17.5.7 GlassesSummaryMultiple Choice QuestionsReview Questions
Chapter 18: Mechanical Measurement
18.1 Introduction18.2 Temperature Measurement18.2.1 Thermocouple18.2.2 Resistance Temperature Devices (RTD)18.2.3 Infrared Temperature Measurement Devices18.2.4 Bimetallic Temperature Measurement Devices18.2.5 Fluid-expansion Temperature Measurement Devices18.2.6 Change-of-state Temperature Measurement Devices18.3 Pressure Measurement18.3.1 Manometers18.3.2 Bourdon Tube Pressure Gauge18.3.3 Low Pressure Measurement18.4 Velocity Measurement18.4.1 Velocity Measurement of Fluid with Pitot Tube18.4.2 Hot Wire Anemometer18.5 Flow Measurement18.5.1 Flow Measurement Through Velocity of Fluid Over Known Area18.5.2 Orificemeter18.5.3 Rotameter18.6 Strain Measurement18.6.1 Strain Gauge18.7 Force Measurement18.7.1 Cantilever Beam18.8 Torque Measurement18.8.1 Prony Brake Dynamometer18.8.2 Rope Brake Dynamometer18.8.3 Torque Measurement by Pointer and Scale18.9 Measurement Errors18.10 Uncertainties of Measurement18.11 Vernier calipers18.12 Micrometer or Screw Gauge18.12.1 Measurement Procedure18.13 Dial Gauge or Dial Indicator18.14 Slip Gauges18.14.1 Classification of Slip Gauges18.14.2 Applications of Slip Gauge18.15 Sine Bar18.16 Combination SetSummaryMultiple Choice QuestionsReview Questions
Chapter 19: Machine Tools
19.1 Introduction19.2 Mechanism of Metal Cutting19.2.1 Types of Chip Formation19.3 Geometry of Single Point Cutting Tool19.4 Orthogonal and Oblique Metal Cutting19.5 Lathe19.5.1 Classification of Lathes19.5.2 Specifications of Lathe19.5.3 Constructional Detail of Lathe19.5.4 Power Transmission System in Lathe Machine19.5.5 Cutting Tools Used in Lathe19.5.6 Types of Operations on Lathe Machine19.6 Shaper, Slotter, and Planer19.6.1 Shaping and Planing19.6.2 Constructional Detail of Shaper19.6.3 Slotter Machine19.6.4 Crank and Slotted Arm Quick Return Mechanism19.6.5 Specification of Shaper19.6.6 Constructional Detail of Planer19.6.7 Fast and Loose Pulleys Driving Mechanism of Planer19.6.8 Specifications of Planer19.6.9 Difference Between Shaper and Planer19.7 Drilling Machine19.7.1 Driving Mechanism in Drilling Machine19.7.2 Drill Bit19.7.3 Specifications of a Drilling Machine19.7.4 Operations Performed on Drilling Machine19.7.5 Advanced Types of Drilling Machine19.8 Boring19.8.1 Specification of Boring Machines19.9 Milling Machines19.9.1 Constructional Detail of Milling Machine19.9.2 Basic Milling Operations19.9.3 Nomenclature of Milling CutterSummaryMultiple Choice QuestionsFill in the BlanksReview Questions
Chapter 20: Casting and Welding
20.1 Introduction to Casting Processes20.2 Classification of Casting Process20.3 Sand Casting20.3.1 Steps in Sand Casting20.3.2 Pattern Making20.3.3 Types of Pattern20.3.4 Mould Making20.3.5 Properties of Mouldings Sands20.3.6 Hand Tools Used in Moulding20.3.7 Moulding Procedure20.3.8 Gating System20.3.9 Chills20.3.10 Chaplets20.3.11 Cores20.3.12 Sand Testing20.4 Special Casting Methods20.4.1 Gravity/Permanent Mould Casting20.4.2 Slush Casting20.4.3 Pressed or Carthias Casting20.4.4 Die Casting20.4.5 Low-pressure Casting20.4.6 Centrifugal Casting20.4.7 Lost-wax Precision Casting Method20.4.8 Shell Moulding20.5 Casting Defects20.6 Surface Cleaning of the Casting20.7 Introduction to Welding Processes20.7.1 Definition of Welding20.8 Classification of Welding Process20.9 Gas Welding20.9.1 Oxyacetylene Welding20.9.2 Gas Welding Methods20.10 Electric Arc Welding20.10.1 Functions of Electrode Coatings20.10.2 Ingredients of Electrode Coating20.10.3 Selection of Electrodes20.10.4 Specifications for Electrodes20.11 Types of Electric Arc Welding20.11.1 Carbon Arc Welding20.11.2 Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)20.11.3 Metal Inert Gas Arc Welding (MIG)/Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)20.11.4 Tungsten Inert Gas Arc Welding (TIG)/Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW)20.11.5 Submerged Arc Welding (SAW)20.11.6 Electroslag Welding20.11.7 Atomic Hydrogen Welding20.11.8 Plasma Arc Welding20.12 Resistance Welding20.12.1 Resistance Spot Welding20.12.2 Resistance Seam Welding20.12.3 Resistance Projection Welding20.12.4 Flash Welding20.12.5 Percussion Welding20.12.6 Resistance Butt Welding20.13 Unconventional Welding Methods20.13.1 Laser Beam Welding (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation)20.13.2 Electron Beam Welding20.13.3 Ultrasonic Welding20.13.4 Thermit Welding20.14 Welding Allied Processes20.14.1 Soldering20.14.2 Brazing20.14.3 Braze Welding20.15 Welding DefectsSummaryMultiple Choice QuestionsFill in the BlanksReview Questions
Chapter 21: Mechanical Working of Metals, Sheet Metal Work, and Powder Metallurgy
21.1 Introduction of Mechanical Working process21.1.1 Advantages of Mechanical Working Process Over Other Manufacturing Processes21.2 Rolling21.2.1 Terminology21.2.2 Types of Rolling Mills21.2.3 Rolling Defects21.3 Forging21.3.1 Advantages of Forging Processes21.3.2 Disadvantages of Forging Processes21.3.3 Different Types of Forging21.4 Extrusion21.4.1 Hot Extrusion21.4.2 Cold Extrusion21.4.3 Impact Extrusion21.5 Wire Drawing21.6 Bar Drawing21.7 Tube Drawing21.8 High Energy Rate Forming21.8.1 Explosive Forming21.8.2 Electrohydraulic Forming21.8.3 Electromagnetic Forming21.9 Thread Rolling21.10 Piercing or Seamless Tubing21.11 Some Other Forming Processes21.12 Introduction of Sheet Metal Process21.13 Sheet Metal Joints21.14 Materials Used for Sheet Metal21.15 Hand Tools Used in Sheet Metal Work21.16 Sheet Metal Operations21.16.1 Shearing21.16.2 Bending21.16.3 Stretch Forming21.16.4 Deep Drawing21.16.5 Hot Spinning21.17 Introduction of Powder Metallurgy21.18 Manufacturing of Metal Powders21.18.1 Characteristics of Metal Powder21.18.2 Methods of Production21.19 Blending/Mixing of Powders21.20 Compacting21.21 Sintering21.22 Finishing Operations21.23 Advantages of Powder Metallurgy21.24 Limitations of Powder Metallurgy21.25 Applications of Powder MetallurgySummaryMultiple Choice QuestionsFill in the BlanksReview Questions
Chapter 22: Manufacturing Systems: NC, CNC, AND DNC
22.1 Introduction22.1.1 Production Machines, Tools, Fixtures, and Other Related Hardware22.1.2 Material Handling System22.1.3 Computer Systems22.1.4 Human Workers22.2 Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)22.3 CAD/CAM22.3.1 Computer Aided Design (CAD)22.3.2 Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)22.4 Numerical Control (NC)22.4.1 Limitations/Drawback of Conventional NC System22.5 Computer Numerical Control (CNC)22.6 Programming Methods22.6.1 Advantages of CNC System22.7 Comparison of NC and CNC Machines22.8 Direct Numerical Control (DNC)22.8.1 Advantages of DNC SystemSummaryMultiple Choice QuestionsReview Questions
Chapter 23: Unconventional Machining Processes
23.1 Introduction23.1.1 Main Characteristics of UCM23.1.2 Important UCM Processes23.2 Abrasive Jet Machining (AJM)23.2.1 Principle of Operation23.2.2 Process Parameters23.2.3 Application of AJM23.2.4 Advantages of AJM23.2.5 Limitations of AJM23.3 Ultrasonic Machining (USM)23.3.1 M.C. Saw’s Assumptions for Material Removal23.3.2 Process Parameters23.3.3 Applications of USM23.3.4 Advantages of USM23.3.5 Disadvantages of USM23.4 Electrochemical Machining (ECM)23.4.1 Faraday’s Law of Electrolysis23.4.2 Functions of Electrolytes23.4.3 Types of Electrolytes Used23.4.4 Surface Finish in ECM23.4.5 Advantages of ECM23.4.6 Disadvantages of ECM23.4.7 Application of ECM23.5 Photochemical Blanking (PCB)23.5.1 Advantages of PCB23.5.2 Disadvantages of PCB23.5.3 Application of PCB23.6 Electron Beam Machining (EBM)23.6.1 Advantages23.6.2 Disadvantages23.6.3 Applications23.7 Laser Beam Machining23.7.1 Advantages23.7.2 Limitations23.7.3 Applications23.8 Electro-discharge Machining23.8.1 Principle of Electro-discharge Machining23.8.2 Advantages23.8.3 Applications23.9 Plasma Arc Machining (PAM)23.9.1 Advantages23.9.2 Limitations23.9.3 ApplicationsSummaryMultiple Choice QuestionsFill in the BlanksReview Questions
Chapter 24: Heat Treatment
24.1 Introduction24.2 Iron–Carbon Phase Diagram24.3 TTT (Time–Temperature–Transformation) Diagram24.4 Normalizing24.5 Annealing24.6 Spheroidizing24.7 Hardening24.8 Tempering24.8.1 Austempering24.8.2 Martempering24.9 Carburizing24.10 Cyaniding24.11 Nitriding24.12 Induction HardeningSummaryMultiple Choice QuestionsFill in the BlanksReview Questions
Appendix 1: Mollier Diagram for Water
Appendix 2: Steam Table
Acknowledgements
Copyright
Back Cover

Content preview from Basic Mechanical Engineering

5 Steam Engine, Steam and Gas Turbines

Chapter Objectives

In this chapter, you will learn about:

Introduction to steam turbines
Classification of steam turbine and compounding of impulse turbine
Difference between impulse and reaction turbines
Introduction to gas turbines
Open cycle and close cycle gas turbine
Application of Joule/Brayton thermodynamic cycle

5.1 INTRODUCTION TO STEAM POWER SYSTEMS

Steam power system is a system in which the heat energy of the steam is used to produce mechanical power. Various types of fuels (coal, diesel, natural gas, geothermal, nuclear, etc.) are used to produce the high quality of steam, i.e., superheated steam and then the thermodynamic expansion process is used to convert the heat energy of the steam ...

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Basic Mechanical Engineering, 2nd Edition

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Basic Mechanical Engineering

by Pravin Kumar

5