
406 Big Data Computing
Toward the Concept-Level Analysis of Big Sentiment Data
Standard approaches to opinion mining can be classied into three main cat-
egories: keyword spotting, lexical afnity, and statistical methods. All such
approaches mainly rely on specic affect words that need to be explicitly
used in the opinionated text. Hence, when emotions are conveyed implicitly,
standard approaches are unable to correctly mine opinions and sentiments.
More recent approaches to sentiment analysis, for example, the energy-based
knowledge representation formalism [30] and sentic computing [4], in turn,
work at concept-level in which they exp