Biosensors Nanotechnology

Chapter 11

Application of Bioconjugated Nanoporous Gold Films in Electrochemical Biosensors

Leila Kashefi-Kheyrabadi¹, Abolhassan Noori² and Masoud Ayatollahi Mehrgardi^*,1

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

²Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

^*Corresponding author: [e-mail]

Abstract

The conjugation of biomolecules and nanostructured materials in the last decade has opened a promising horizon to many aspects of modern science. Considerable attention has been paid to the development of new nanomaterials with suitable hydrophilicity, high porosity, and large surface area for various biomolecule immobilizations. Nanostructured materials, in particular a nanoporous structure, could provide large surface area for high loading capacities for the biomolecules. A wide variety of biomolecules including proteins and nucleic acids have been employed in this field. Deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs), Ribonucleic acids (RNAs), aptamers and aptazymes, whose functions are beyond the conventional genetic roles of nucleic acids, are collectively located in the nucleic acids (NAs) category. Also, various proteins including antibodies, enzymes, redox proteins, etc., have been applied as the recognition layer in nanoporous-based biosensors. Many approaches have been adopted for the surface functionalization of porous membranes, in which chemisorption of thiol compounds onto the surfaces of nanoporous gold (NPG) films takes place with ...