book

Building Information Modeling for a Smart and Sustainable Urban Space

by Rafika Hajji, Hassane Jarar Oulidi

January 2022

Intermediate to advanced

192 pages

4h 19m

English

Wiley-ISTE

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General contextScientific contribution to this bookBook structureTarget audienceReferences
1.1. Introduction1.2. History of BIM1.3. BIM: A meta concept1.4. BIM: Between technology and process1.5. BIM in the lifecycle of a building1.6. Some transversal uses of BIM1.7. BIM dimensions and levels of detail1.8. BIM maturity and capability1.9. Conclusion1.10. References
2.1. Introduction2.2. Multiple sources for the 3D digitization of urban space2.3. Approaches for 3D data production2.4. Integration of multi-source data2.5. General discussion2.6. Conclusion2.7. References
3.1. Introduction3.2. Issues around 3D urban models3.3. Semantics of 3D urban models3.4. From the point cloud to the 3D model3.5. 3D reconstruction of the BIM model3.6. Conclusion3.7. References

4.1. Standardization bodies4.2. Data models for multi-scale BIM4.3. Conclusion4.4. References
5.1. Introduction5.2. The GeoBIM concept5.3. Some applications of GeoBIM5.4. BIM and GIS: similarities and differences5.5. BIM and GIS integration5.6. IFC and CityGML conversion5.7. BIM georeferencing5.8. Conclusion5.9. References
6.1. Introduction6.2. Real estate valuation: concepts, approaches and standards6.3. BIM and 3D GIS for real estate valuation6.4. BIM-3D GIS integration: a new paradigm for real estate valuation6.5. Examples of BIM and 3D GIS simulations for real estate valuation6.6. Conclusion6.7. References
7.1. Introduction7.2. From semantic segmentation to 3D modeling7.3. Semantic segmentation by Deep Learning7.4. Development of an urban 3D model7.5. Conclusion7.6. References
8.1. Introduction8.2. Urban space: problems and dysfunctions8.3. Urban renewal approaches8.4. BIM/CIM for urban renewal8.5. Renovation process8.6. Conclusion8.7. References

Content preview from Building Information Modeling for a Smart and Sustainable Urban Space

4Open BIM Standards

In the context of the implementation of an interoperable multi-scale BIM, it is essential to use standardized exchange formats, most often resulting from standardization organizations (OGC, ISO and buildingSMART). These standards allow the implementation of an autonomous model, independent of the tools and software used.

4.1. Standardization bodies

4.1.1 Open Geospatial Consortium

The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) is an international organization whose main objective is to develop interoperable standards for geospatial data. It has more than 500 members (from industry, academia, government agencies, universities, laboratories, etc.). Spatial information and processing includes Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing, surveying and mapping, navigation, access to spatial databases, sensor networks and other geospatial technologies and information sources for terrestrial BIM implementation. In the OGC consensus process, more than 360 governments and private and cooperative organizations develop, test, document, validate and approve interface and interoperability issues. The OGC baseline of adopted standards includes these implementation specifications.

OGC has a Class A liaison with ISO TC 211, whereby some OGC specifications become ISO standards (Figure 4.1). These two organizations have developed an agreement to cooperate and harmonize their work. This is the case for the Geography Markup Language (GML) specifications that are the basis ...