book

Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges

by Rainer Matyssek, N Clarke, P. Cudlin, T.N. Mikkelsen, J-P. Tuovinen, G Wieser, E. Paoletti

November 2013

Intermediate to advanced

648 pages

20h 58m

English

Elsevier

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Abstract1.1 Why Write This Book?1.2 Aims, Scope and Rationale1.3 Overview of the Book’s StructureAcknowledgementsReferences

Abstract2.1 Introduction2.2 Trace Gas Emissions from the Forest Floor2.3 Effects of Forest Fires2.4 Ozone Deposition2.5 Interactions with Atmospheric Composition and Climate2.6 Conclusions and Further Research DirectionsAcknowledgementsReferences
Abstract3.1 Introduction3.2 Effects of Nitrogen Deposition to Forest Ecosystems3.3 The Components of Nitrogen Deposition3.4 Recent Developments to Assess Effects on Tree Growth3.5 Policy Relevance of the Knowledge on Nitrogen DepositionAcknowledgementsReferences
4.1 Generalities on Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds4.2 BVOC and the Atmosphere: Fluxes and Concentrations (Sinks, Sources)4.3 BVOC and Plant Physiology and Ecology: Membrane Protection, Anti-oxidants, Plant Communication4.4 BVOC and Climate Change: Warmer = More Fragrant World?References
Abstract5.1 Introduction5.2 Interactions and Feedbacks5.3 Risk of Impacts5.4 Discussion and ConclusionsAcknowledgementsReferences
Abstract6.1 Introduction6.2 Ozone as Part of Factorial Complexes6.3 The Kranzberg Forest Experiment as a Starting Point6.4 The Ecological Significance of Biotic Factors for Developing New O3 Research6.5 Guiding O3 Research into the Future6.6 Quo Vadis? Conclusions, Perspectives and Policy ImplicationsReferences
Abstract7.1 Introduction7.2 The Instantaneous Temperature Response of Soil Respiration7.3 Short-Term Fluctuation of Substrate Supply with Possible Long-Term Effects on Soil Respiration7.4 Microbial Carbon Use Efficiency as Affected by Temperature7.5 Scientific Conclusions7.6 Political ImplicationsReferences
Abstract8.1 Introduction: The Role of Mycorrhizae in Ecosystem Functions and Processes8.2 Mycorrhizae Under Stress and Disturbance8.3 Mycorrhizal Influence on Carbon Stores and Biodiversity: The Facilitation Concept8.4 Conclusions and Prospects for Further Research and MonitoringAcknowledgementsReferences
Abstract9.1 Introduction9.2 Literature Survey Methods9.3 Forest Responses to Interacting eCO2 and eO39.4 Summary of Physiology, Biomass Production and SOC Cycling Responses to eCO2 × eO39.5 Moving ForwardAcknowledgementsReferences
Abstract10.1 Introduction10.2 The Aspen FACE Experiment10.3 Conclusions and ImplicationsAcknowledgementsReferences
Abstract11.1 Introduction11.2 Effects of CO2 and O3 on Tree Growth and Chemistry11.3 Effects of CO2 and O3 on Canopy and Soil Arthropods11.4 Effects of CO2 and O3 on Arthropod-Mediated Ecosystem Processes11.5 Conclusions and Future DirectionsAcknowledgementsReferences
Abstract12.1 Introduction12.2 The LRTAP Convention’s Stomatal O3 Flux Approach for Forest Trees12.3 The Kranzberg Forest Experiment: A Validation Experiment for the LRTAP Convention’s Stomatal Flux Approach for Forest Trees12.4 Conclusions and Perspectives for Future O3 Risk Assessments at Stand LevelAcknowledgementsReferences
Abstract13.1 Introduction13.2 Ozone and Carbon Metabolism13.3 Oxidative Stress and Carbon Metabolism13.4 Identification of the Gaps13.5 ConclusionsAcknowledgementsReferences
Abstract14.1 Introduction14.2 Ozone Exposure Under Controlled Chamber/Greenhouse Conditions14.3 Free-Air Exposure Systems14.4 Next-Generation Technologies14.5 ConclusionsAcknowledgementsReferences
Abstract15.1 Introduction15.2 Ozone Experiments15.3 Interactions of Ozone with CO2 and/or Elevated Temperature15.4 Key Findings and Specific Questions Arising from the Ozone Stress Experiments15.5 Future Developments and Socio-Economic AspectsReferences
Abstract16.1 Introduction16.2 Air Pollution, Climate, and Their Interactions: Present Status and Projections for the Future16.3 Present Knowledge on Impacts of Air Pollution, CC, Biotic Stressors and Management on Growth and Health of Forests16.4 Possible Future Changes in U.S. Forests Caused by Climate Change and Air Pollution16.5 Projected Hydrological, Nutritional, and Growth Changes in Mixed Conifer Forests of the SBM (Southern California) Due to CC, N Deposition, and O316.6 Projecting Hydrological, Nutritional and Growth Responses of Forested Watersheds at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, Reflective of the American Northeast16.7 Conclusions16.8 Research and Management NeedsAcknowledgementsReferences
Abstract17.1 Introduction17.2 Effect of Air Pollution on Forest Ecosystems in East and Southeast Asia17.3 Experimental and Process Studies on Effects and Uptake of Ozone17.4 ConclusionsAcknowledgementReferences
Abstract18.1 Introduction18.2 India’s Forest Cover and Forest Types18.3 Sources of Air Pollution and Greenhouse Gases in India18.4 Air Quality in India18.5 Impacts of O3 on Agriculture18.6 Future Perspectives on the O3 Problem in India18.7 ConclusionsReferences
Abstract19.1 Introduction19.2 Latin America and Its Major Biomes19.3 Land Use Change, Air Pollutant Emission and Regional Climate Change19.4 Effects of Nitrogen Addition on Natural Savanna and Forest Ecosystems19.5 Ozone: A Growing Concern19.6 Vegetation Responses to Global Change19.7 Conclusions and Future DirectionsAcknowledgementReferences
Abstract20.1 Introduction20.2 South African Biomes20.3 Air Pollution Sources in Southern Africa20.4 Ozone Levels in Southern Africa20.5 Previous Studies on Ecosystem Impacts of Ozone20.6 Effects of Growing Season on Ozone Uptake20.7 Conclusions and Future DirectionsAcknowledgementsReferences
Abstract21.1 Wildland Fires: Part of the Ecosystem Lifecycle or a Result of Anthropogenic Stress?21.2 Satellite Products Used for Wildland Fires Monitoring21.3 Fire Impact on Atmospheric Composition and Air Quality: Modelling Assessments and Available Observations21.4 Future Challenges and Major Research DirectionsAcknowledgementReferences
Abstract22.1 Introduction22.2 Monitoring Sites and Research Networks22.3 Harmonisation of Databases and Knowledge About Climate Change and Air Pollution Impact on Forest Ecosystems22.4 Knowledge Gaps and New Processes to be Studied22.5 Science and Policy RecommendationsAcknowledgementsReferences
Abstract23.1 Introduction23.2 General Parameters23.3 The Carbon Budget23.4 The Nitrogen Budget23.5 The Ozone Budget23.6 The Water Budget23.7 Concluding RemarksReferencesFurther Reading
Abstract24.1 Introduction24.2 Adopting the Ecosystem Services Concept to Identify and Value Changes in Forests24.3 Ecosystem Processes/Functions Under Interactive Effects of Climate Change and Air Pollution—Sustainable Providers of Ecosystem Services24.4 Adaptive Governance and Communication to the Public Towards Sustainable Forest—Multi-Stakeholder Collaboration24.5 Evaluation of Selected Ecosystem Services on the Basis of Monitored Energy, Water and Material Flows Estimation: Case Study in the Forest–Agricultural Landscape of the Czech Republic24.6 ConclusionsAcknowledgementsReferences
Abstract25.1 Introduction25.2 Conceptualising Forest Multi-Functionality25.3 Drivers of Forestry Changes25.4 Challenges to Sustainability in Provision of Ecosystems Services25.5 Stakeholder and Institutional Considerations25.6 Valuing Ecosystem Services'25.7 Implementing Forest Multi-Functionality25.8 Payments for Ecosystem Services25.9 Integrating Carbon Sequestration Objectives in multi-functional forestry to Tackle Climate Change25.10 ConclusionsAcknowledgementReferences
Abstract26.1 Introduction26.2 Forestry Sector26.3 The Agriculture Sector and the Role of Forests in Comprehensive Land-Use Concepts26.4 Concluding RemarksAcknowledgementsReferences
Abstract27.1 Scope of the Conclusions27.2 Conclusions from and for Natural Sciences27.3 Conclusions for Socio-Economic Sciences and Policy27.4 Closing ThoughtsAcknowledgements

Content preview from Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges

Developments in Environmental Science

Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges

Understanding and Perspectives from Forest Research

13C

Edited By

R. Matyssek

Freising, Germany

N. Clarke

Ås, Norway

P. Cudlin

Ceské Budejovice, Czech Republic

T.N. Mikkelsen

Roskilde, Denmark

J.-P. Tuovinen

Helsinki, Finland

G. Wieser

Innsbruck, Austria

E. Paoletti

Florence, Italy

Series Editor

S.V. Krupa

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Developments in Environmental Science

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Become an O’Reilly member and get unlimited access to this title plus top books and audiobooks from O’Reilly and nearly 200 top publishers, thousands of courses curated by job role, 150+ live events each month,and much more.

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