7.1 Chapter Overview7.2 The Open Cloud Consortium7.3 The Distributed Management Task Force7.3.1 Open Virtualization Format7.4 Standards for Application Developers7.4.1 Browsers (Ajax)7.4.2 Data (XML, JSON)7.4.3 Solution Stacks (LAMP and LAPP) LAMP7.5 Standards for Messaging7.5.1 Simple Message Transfer Protocol (SMTP)7.5.2 Post Offi Protocol (POP)7.5.3 Internet Messaging Access Protocol (IMAP)7.5.4 Syndication (Atom, Atom Publishing Protocol, and RSS)7.5.5 Communications (HTTP, SIMPLE, and XMPP)7.6 Standards for Security7.6.1 Security (SAML OAuth, OpenID, SSL/TLS)7.7 Chapter Summary