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CompTIA A+ Certification All-in-One Exam Guide, Eleventh Edition (Exams 220-1101 & 220-1102), 11th Edition

by Mike Meyers

November 2022

Intermediate to advanced

1504 pages

42h 21m

English

McGraw-Hill

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1102The Professional TechProfessional Appearance and AttireThe Traits of a TechEffective CommunicationAssertive CommunicationRespectful CommunicationGetting AnswersExpectations and Follow-UpBe Prepared!Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)Antistatic ToolsElectromagnetic Interference (EMI)Radio Frequency Interference (RFI)Physical ToolsPersonal Safety1101Troubleshooting MethodologyChapter ReviewQuestionsAnswers
Historical/ConceptualThe Computing ProcessThe Computing PartsStagesWhy the Process Matters to TechsBreaking It Down1101Computing Hardware1102Computing SoftwareCommon Operating System FunctionsUser InterfacesFile Structures and PathsThe Tech Utility Launch PointsChapter ReviewQuestionsAnswers
Historical/ConceptualCPU Core ComponentsThe Man in the BoxRegistersClockBack to the External Data BusMemoryMemory and RAMAddress Bus1101Modern CPUsDevelopersTechnologySelecting and Installing CPUsSelecting a CPUInstallation IssuesTroubleshooting CPUsSymptoms of OverheatingCatastrophic FailureBeyond A+Hybrid CoresProcess NodesChapter ReviewQuestionsAnswers

Historical/ConceptualUnderstanding DRAMOrganizing DRAMPractical DRAMDRAM SticksConsumer RAMTypes of RAMSDRAMDDR SDRAM1101DDR3DDR4DDR5RAM VariationsWorking with RAMDo You Need More RAM?Getting the Right RAMInstalling DIMMsInstalling SO-DIMMs in LaptopsTroubleshooting RAMChapter ReviewQuestionsAnswers
1101We Need to TalkTalking to the KeyboardCMOS and the System Setup UtilityTouring the System Setup UtilityNoteworthy BIOS/UEFI Security SettingsExiting and Saving BIOS/UEFI SettingsPower-On Self-Test (POST)Before and During the Video Test: The Beep CodesText ErrorsPOST CardsThe Boot ProcessCare and Feeding of BIOS/UEFIDefault/Optimized SettingsClearing CMOSLosing CMOS RTC SettingsFlashing the ROMChapter ReviewQuestionsAnswers
Historical/ConceptualHow Motherboards WorkLayers of the PCBForm Factors1101ChipsetStandard ComponentsAdditional ComponentsExpansion BusStructure and Function of the Expansion BusPCIPCI ExpressInstalling Expansion CardsTroubleshooting Expansion CardsUpgrading and Installing MotherboardsChoosing the Motherboard and CaseInstalling the MotherboardTroubleshooting MotherboardsSymptomsTechniquesOptionsChapter ReviewQuestionsAnswers
Historical/ConceptualUnderstanding Electricity1101Powering the PCSupplying AC11021101Supplying DCInstalling and Maintaining Power SuppliesInstallingCoolingTroubleshooting Power SuppliesNo MotherboardWhen Power Supplies Die SlowlyFuses and FireRedundant Power SuppliesModular Power SuppliesChapter ReviewQuestionsAnswers
Historical/ConceptualHow Hard Drives WorkHard Drives1101Solid-State DrivesConnecting Mass StoragePATASATAeSATA and Other External DrivesRefining Mass Storage CommunicationProtecting Data with RAIDRAIDImplementing RAIDSoftware Versus HardwareDedicated RAID BoxesInstalling DrivesChoosing Your DriveCabling SATA DrivesConnecting Solid-State DrivesBIOS Support: Configuring CMOS and Installing DriversTroubleshooting Hard Drive InstallationChapter ReviewQuestionsAnswers
Historical/ConceptualHard Drive Partitions1102Master Boot RecordDynamic DisksGUID Partition TableOther Partition TypesWhen to PartitionPartition Naming ProblemsHard Drive FormattingFile Systems in WindowsFAT32NTFSexFATFile Systems in macOSFile Systems in LinuxThe Partitioning, Formatting, and Pooling ProcessBootable MediaPartitioning and Formatting with the Installation MediaDisk ManagementFormatting a PartitionStorage SpacesMaintaining and Troubleshooting Hard DrivesMaintenance1101Troubleshooting Hard Drive ImplementationChapter ReviewQuestionsAnswers
1101Supporting Common PortsSerial PortsUSB PortsThunderbolt PortsGeneral Port IssuesCommon PeripheralsKeyboardsPointing DevicesBiometric DevicesBarcode Scanner/QR ScannerTouch ScreensKVM SwitchesGame Controllers and JoysticksDigitizersMultimedia Devices and FormatsRemovable Storage DevicesFlash MemoryOptical MediaChapter ReviewQuestionsAnswers
1102Windows Versions and EditionsWhat About Windows 11?Windows 10 HomeWorkgroups vs. DomainsWindows 10 ProWindows 10 Pro for Workstations/Windows 10 EnterpriseWhat Version of Windows Do I Have?Installing and Upgrading WindowsMedia SourcesTypes of InstallationThe OS Installation ProcessTroubleshooting Installation ProblemsPost-Installation TasksWindows UpdatesUpgrading DriversRestoring User Data Files (If Applicable)Installing Essential SoftwareMigrating and Retiring SystemsNo Installation Is PerfectChapter ReviewQuestionsAnswers
1102RegistryAccessing the RegistryRegistry ComponentsTalkin’ RegistryManual Registry EditsCommand-Line Registry Editing ToolsYour Basic Windows ToolsetSystem ConfigurationWindows SettingsControl PanelProcesses, Applications, and Services ToolsTask ManagerResource MonitorMicrosoft Management ConsolemacOS Preferences and FeaturesSystem PreferencesApple IDAirDropSpotlightKeychainFileVaultChapter ReviewQuestionsAnswers
1102Authentication with Users and GroupsStandard AccountsGroupsStandard Account and Elevated PrivilegesConfiguring Users and Groups in WindowsAuthentication OptionsAuthorization Through NTFSNTFS PermissionsInheritancePermission PropagationTechs and PermissionsPermissions in Linux and macOSSharing Resources SecurelySharing Folders and FilesLocating Shared FoldersProtecting Data with EncryptionBeyond Sharing ResourcesSecurity PoliciesUser Account ControlHow UAC WorksUAC in Modern WindowsChapter ReviewQuestionsAnswers
1102Maintaining Operating SystemsPatch ManagementScheduling MaintenanceControlling Autostarting SoftwareOptimizing Operating SystemsInstalling and Removing SoftwarePerformance OptionsPreparing for ProblemsBackup and Recovery OptionsBackup TestingBackup Rotation SchemesBacking Up Personal DataSystem Restore in WindowsBeyond A+Third-Party Backup ToolsChapter ReviewQuestionsAnswers
1102Deciphering the Command-Line InterfaceShellsAccessing the Command-Line Interface in WindowsAccessing the Command-Line Interface in macOS and LinuxThe PromptClosing the TerminalDrives and FoldersMastering Fundamental CommandsStructure: Syntax and SwitchesChanging Directory Focus: The cd CommandMoving Between DrivesMaking Directories: The md/mkdir CommandRemoving Directories: The rd/rmdir CommandRunning a Program in WindowsRunning a Program in macOS and LinuxWorking with FilesReading Plaintext FilesUsing Wildcards to Locate FilesDeleting FilesCopying and Moving FilesPruning and Grafting Folder TreesAssorted Windows Commandschkdsk (/f /r)formathostnamewinvergpupdategpresultsfcshutdownKeyboard ShortcutsAssorted macOS and Linux CommandsSee Running Processes: top and psgrepfindPackage Managers: apt-get and yumnanodddfshutdownScriptingScript Types and LanguagesAsk Not What You Can Do for ScriptingHere Be DragonsBeyond A+Anatomy of a ScriptEnvironment VariablesChapter ReviewQuestionsAnswers
1102Common Windows Troubleshooting ProceduresTurning Things Off and Back OnSystem File CheckUninstall/Reinstall/Update ApplicationsResource RequirementsRecovering When Windows BreaksRebuild Windows ProfilesTroubleshooting Common Windows OS SymptomsBlue Screen of DeathSluggish PerformanceBoot ProblemsFrequent ShutdownsServices Not StartingApplications CrashingLow Memory WarningsUSB Controller Resource WarningsSystem InstabilityNo OS FoundSlow Profile LoadTime Drift1101Troubleshooting Problems Related to Motherboard, CPU, RAM, and PowerPower-On Self-TestProprietary Crash ScreensBlack ScreenNo PowerSluggish PerformanceOverheatingBurning SmellFrequent ShutdownsApplication CrashesGrinding NoiseCapacitor SwellingInaccurate System Date/TimeChapter ReviewQuestionsAnswers
1101Video DisplaysFlat-Panel DisplaysProjectorsCommon Display FeaturesDisplay AdaptersMotherboard SlotGraphics ProcessorVideo MemoryIntegrated GPUsConnector Types and Associated CablesInstalling and Configuring VideoSoftware1102Working with Drivers1101Troubleshooting VideoTroubleshooting MonitorsTroubleshooting ProjectorsTroubleshooting Video Cards and DriversBeyond A+Evaluating MonitorsResolutionPPIBrightnessViewing AngleResponse RateRefresh RateContrast RatioColor DepthPanel TechnologyHigh Dynamic RangeAdaptive SyncAdditional Display TopicsMicroLEDeGPUsChapter ReviewQuestionsAnswers
1101Roles Hosts Play in NetworksNetworking TechnologiesFrames and NICsEthernetEthernet with Twisted PairEthernet with Alternative ConnectionsImplementing EthernetThe Typical LANStructured CablingGoing WideChapter ReviewQuestionsAnswers
1101/1102Interconnecting NetworksNetwork Addressing with IPv4Network Addressing with IPv6Domain Name SystemEntering Client IP InformationTCP vs. UDPTCP/IP SettingsTCP/IP ToolsConfiguring TCP/IPAutomatic Private IP AddressingInstalling and Configuring a Wired NetworkInstalling a NICConfiguring IP AddressingConnecting to a SwitchNetwork Organization and Access ControlShared ResourcesOrganizing with WorkgroupsOrganizing with DomainsFile Servers and Drive MappingSharing PrintersTroubleshooting NetworksRepairing Physical CablingFixing Common ProblemsChapter ReviewQuestionsAnswers
Historical/ConceptualWireless Networking Components1101Wireless Networking SoftwareWireless Infrastructure1102Wireless Networking Security1101Wireless Networking Standards and RegulationsIEEE 802.11-Based Wireless NetworkingOptimizing Wi-Fi CoverageBluetooth1102Installing and Configuring Wireless NetworkingWi-Fi ConfigurationBluetooth Configuration and TroubleshootingTroubleshooting Wi-FiHardware TroubleshootingSoftware TroubleshootingConnectivity TroubleshootingConfiguration TroubleshootingChapter ReviewQuestionsAnswers
Historical/ConceptualHow the Internet WorksTCP/IP: The Common Language of the InternetInternet Service ProvidersConnection Concepts1101Connecting to the InternetDSLCableFiberWi-FiWISPCellularSatelliteConnection to the InternetUsing the InternetInternet Application Protocols1102Browsing the WebCommunicating with OthersRemote AccessSharing and Transferring Files1101Embedded SystemsInternet TroubleshootingNo ConnectivityLimited ConnectivityLocal ConnectivitySlow Network SpeedsLatency and JitterPoor VoIP Call QualityChapter ReviewQuestionsAnswers
1101Hardware VirtualizationClient-side VirtualizationBenefits of VirtualizationPurpose of Virtual MachinesCreating a Virtual MachineServer-side VirtualizationTo the CloudThe Service-Layer CakeOwnership and AccessCloud CharacteristicsDesktop VirtualizationChapter ReviewQuestionsAnswers
Historical/ConceptualPortable Computing DevicesTaxonomy1101Input DevicesDisplay TypesExtending Portable ComputersSingle-Function PortsNetworking OptionsPortable-Specific Expansion SlotsStorage Card SlotsGeneral-Purpose PortsManaging and Maintaining Portable ComputersBatteriesPower ManagementCleaningHeatProtecting the MachineUpgrading and Repairing Laptop ComputersDisassembly ProcessStandard UpgradesHardware/Device ReplacementTroubleshooting Portable ComputersPower and PerformanceComponentsChapter ReviewQuestionsAnswers
1101Mobile Computing DevicesDevice VariantsMobile Hardware Features1102Mobile Operating SystemsDevelopment ModelsApple iOS and iPadOSGoogle AndroidMobile OS Features1101Configuring a Mobile DeviceEnhancing HardwareInstalling and Configuring AppsNetwork ConnectivityDataE-mailSynchronizationMobile Device Communication and PortsChapter ReviewQuestionsAnswers
1101/1102Troubleshooting Mobile Device IssuesTroubleshooting ToolsTouchscreen and Display IssuesApps Not LaunchingOverheatingUpdate FailuresSlow ResponseBattery LifeSwollen BatteryRandom Reboots and FreezesCannot Broadcast to an External MonitorNo Sound from SpeakersConnectivity and Data Usage IssuesGPS and Location Services ProblemsEncryption ProblemsSecuring Mobile DevicesBYOD Versus Corporate-Owned DevicesProfile Security RequirementsPreventing Physical DamageCombating MalwareDealing with LossRecovering from TheftSecuring Your DataMobile OS and Application Security IssuesTroubleshooting ToolsRisks, Symptoms, and CluesChapter ReviewQuestionsAnswers
1101Printer and Multifunction Device ConsumablesPrintersScannersCopy and Fax ComponentsAutomatic Document FeedersConnectivityPhysical InstallationThe Laser Printing ProcessProcessingChargingExposingDevelopingTransferringFusingCleaningInstalling a Multifunction DeviceSetting Up Printers in Windows1102Configuring Print SettingsOptimizing Print PerformanceManaging Public/Shared/Networked Devices1101Maintaining and Troubleshooting PrintersMaintaining and Troubleshooting General IssuesMaintaining and Troubleshooting Impact PrintersMaintaining and Troubleshooting Thermal PrintersMaintaining and Troubleshooting Inkjet PrintersMaintaining and Troubleshooting Laser PrintersTroubleshooting 3-D PrintersChapter ReviewQuestionsAnswers
1102Analyzing Threats and VulnerabilitiesThreatsVulnerabilitiesSecurity Concepts and TechnologiesPhysical SecurityLogical SecurityNetwork SecurityMalicious SoftwareMalware Signs and SymptomsMalware Prevention and Recovery1101FirewallsInternet Appliances1102Authentication and EncryptionWireless IssuesChapter ReviewQuestionsAnswers
1102Implementing Best Practices Associated with Documentation and Support Systems Information ManagementAsset ManagementDocumentation for Policies, Procedures, Industry Standards, and ComplianceTicketing SystemsKnowledge Base/ArticlesChange-Management Best PracticesDocumented Business ProcessesChange-Management ProcessEnvironmental Impacts and Local Environmental ControlsTemperature, Humidity, and VentilationHazardous MaterialsProhibited Content/Activity and Privacy, Licensing, and PoliciesData ClassificationRegulated DataComplianceLicensing, End-User License Agreement, and Digital Rights ManagementIncident ResponseBeyond A+Chapter ReviewQuestionsAnswers
220-1101 Exam Objectives220-1102 Exam Objectives
System RequirementsYour Total Seminars Training Hub AccountPrivacy NoticeSingle User License Terms and ConditionsTotalTester OnlinePre-AssessmentPlaying the CompTIA A+ Introduction VideoMike’s CompTIA A+ Video Training SampleTotalSims Sample for CompTIA A+Mike’s Cool ToolsTechnical Support

Content preview from CompTIA A+ Certification All-in-One Exam Guide, Eleventh Edition (Exams 220-1101 & 220-1102), 11th Edition

CHAPTER 16 Troubleshooting Operating Systems

In this chapter, you will learn how to

• Perform common Windows OS troubleshooting steps

• Identify symptoms of and troubleshoot common Windows OS problems

• Identify symptoms of and troubleshoot problems related to motherboards, RAM, CPU, and power

As we have discussed in previous chapters, you can perform regular maintenance, keep your system updated, and be vigilant with respect to security, but inevitably something will go wrong. Sometimes the cause is human error, but quite often things simply go wrong with both software and hardware. Knowing what to check and how to address issues will be a very large part of your job.

In this chapter we’ll look first at some common Windows troubleshooting ...

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CompTIA A+ Certification All-in-One Exam Guide, Eleventh Edition (Exams 220-1101 & 220-1102)

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ISBN: 9781264610150

CHAPTER 16

Troubleshooting Operating Systems