8.1 Contractor’s Estimation and Bidding Process8.1.1 Get Involved in Pre-Qualification Process8.1.2 Study the Tender Document, Drawings and Prepare Tender Summary8.1.3 Decisions to Take8.1.4 Arrange for Site Visit and Investigation8.1.5 Consultation, Queries and Meetings, and Other Associated Works8.1.6 Prepare Construction Schedule and Other Related Schedules8.1.7 Collect Information8.1.8 Determining Bid Price8.1.9 Analysis of Rates8.1.10 Fix Mark-Up8.1.11 Computing Bid Price8.1.12 Submit Bid8.1.13 Post-submission Activities8.2 Bidding Models8.2.1 Game Theory Models8.2.2 Statistical Bidding Strategy Models8.2.3 Cash Flow-Based Models8.3 Determination of Optimum Mark-Up Level8.4 Bidding and Estimation Practices in Indian Construction Industry8.4.1 Prevailing Estimation Practices8.4.2 Use of Statistical/Mathematical Tools in Estimation8.4.3 Breakup of Mark-Up8.4.4 Labour Cost Estimation8.4.5 Plant and Equipment Cost Estimation8.4.6 Dealing with Uncertainties8.4.7 Average Range of Mark-Up8.4.8 Mark-Up Distribution8.4.9 Mark-Up Range8.4.10 Summary and Conclusion from the StudyReferencesSolved ExamplesReview Questions