Daniel Arbuckle's Mastering Python

Enclosing the function in a wrapper

To enclose a function in a wrapper, first we want the function to find the wrapper inside a decorator (refer to the following code example). If you haven't seen this before, it is exactly how it looks—the definition of a wrapper function actually lies inside of @ints_only. So when @ints_only is called, it defines and then returns the wrapper function.

Each time @ints_only is called, it defines a new wrapper function.

When a function is defined inside another function, the containing function's local variables remain available to the inner function. Refer to the following code example:

In the preceding case, ...