For example, in Figure 9.2(a), the collection of characters and digits is meaningless by itself because
it could refer to total marks and names of students, the house numbers and names of house owners, etc.
Once the data is arranged in an order as shown in Figure 9.2(b), anybody can come to know that the data
refers to names of persons and their corresponding ages. Therefore, this meaningful data can be called
information.
Fig. 9.1 Processing of data into information
Data
Process
Information
9.2 FILE CONCEPTS
Let us consider the information recorded in Figure 9.3. Each entry into the table shown in this figure is a
set of three da ...
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