Chapter 14

Energy Storage Systems for Electric Power Utility Systems

Nothing comes from nothing.The darkness comes from darkness.Pain comes from the darkness.And we call it wisdom. It is pain!

Randell Jarrell

Power when wielded by abnormal energy is the most serious of facts.

Henry Brooks Adams

14.1 Introduction*

In the past, batteries of all sizes have been part of everyday applications for decades. For example, besides automobiles, battery rooms were also found in electric power plants and substations where reliable power was required for operations of switchgear, critical standby systems, and possibly black start of the station. Often batteries for large switchgear lineups were 125 or 250 V nominal systems and feature redundant battery chargers ...

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